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PROTOCOL TO THE Protocolo de la

UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE CONVENCIÓN MARCO DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS SOBRE EL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO




The Parties to this Protocol , Las Partes en el presente Protocolo,



Being Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, hereinafter referred to as "the Convention", Siendo Partes en la Convención Marco de Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático, en lo sucesivo denominado "el Convenio",


In pursuit of the ultimate objective of the Convention as stated in its Article 2, En la búsqueda del objetivo último de la Convención enunciado en su artículo 2,


Recalling the provisions of the Convention, Recordando las disposiciones de la Convención,

Being guided by Article 3 of the Convention, Guiándose por el artículo 3 de la Convención,



Pursuant to the Berlin Mandate adopted by decision 1/CP.1 of the De conformidad con el Mandato de Berlín, aprobado mediante la decisión 1/CP.1 de la

Conference of the Parties to the Convention at its first session, Conferencia de las Partes en la Convención en su primer período de sesiones,


Have agreed as follows: Han convenido en lo siguiente:


Article 1 Artículo 1


For the purposes of this Protocol, the definitions contained in Article 1 of the Convention shall apply. A los efectos del presente Protocolo, se aplicarán las definiciones contenidas en el artículo 1 de la Convención se aplicarán. In addition: Además:



1. 1. "Conference of the Parties" means the Conference of the Parties to the Convention. "Conferencia de las Partes" se entiende la Conferencia de las Partes en la Convención.



2. 2. "Convention" means the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, adopted in New York on 9 May 1992. "Convención" se entiende la Convención Marco de Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático, aprobada en Nueva York el 9 de mayo de 1992.



3. 3. "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change" means the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change established in 1988 jointly by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme. "Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático" se entiende el Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático creado en 1988 conjuntamente por la Organización Meteorológica Mundial y el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente.



4. 4. "Montreal Protocol" means the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, adopted in Montreal on 16 September 1987 and as subsequently adjusted and amended. "Protocolo de Montreal" se entiende el Protocolo de Montreal relativo a las sustancias que agotan la capa de ozono, aprobado en Montreal el 16 de septiembre de 1987 y en su forma posteriormente ajustada y enmendada.



5. 5. "Parties present and voting" means Parties present and casting an affirmative or negative vote. "Partes presentes y votantes" se entiende las Partes presentes que emitan un voto afirmativo o negativo.



6. 6. "Party" means, unless the context otherwise indicates, a Party to this Protocol. "Parte" se entiende, a menos que el contexto indique otra cosa, una Parte en el presente Protocolo.



7. 7. "Party included in Annex I" means a Party included in Annex I to the Convention, as may be amended, or a Party which has made a notification under Article 4, paragraph 2(g), of the Convention. "Parte incluida en el anexo I" se entiende una Parte incluida en el anexo I de la Convención, que pueden ser corregidos, o una Parte que ha hecho la notificación prevista en el artículo 4, párrafo 2 (g) de la Convención.


Article 2 Artículo 2


1. 1. Each Party included in Annex I, in achieving its quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3, in order to promote sustainable development, shall: Cada una de las Partes incluidas en el anexo I, en cumplimiento de sus compromisos cuantificados de limitación y reducción de emisiones de los compromisos contraídos en virtud del artículo 3, con el fin de promover el desarrollo sostenible, deberá:



(a) Implement and/or further elaborate policies and measures in accordance with its national circumstances, such as: (Un) Llevar a la práctica y / o seguirá elaborando políticas y medidas de conformidad con sus circunstancias nacionales, tales como:



(i) Enhancement of energy efficiency in relevant sectors of the national economy; (I) del fomento de la eficiencia energética en los sectores pertinentes de la economía nacional;



(ii) Protection and enhancement of sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, taking into account its commitments under relevant international environmental agreements; promotion of sustainable forest management practices, afforestation and reforestation; (Ii) La protección y la mejora de los sumideros y depósitos de gases de efecto invernadero no controlados por el Protocolo de Montreal, teniendo en cuenta sus compromisos en virtud de los acuerdos medioambientales internacionales pertinentes; Promoción de prácticas sostenibles de gestión forestal, la forestación y la reforestación;



(iii) Promotion of sustainable forms of agriculture in light of climate change considerations; (Iii) promoción de modalidades agrícolas sostenibles a la luz de las consideraciones del cambio climático;



(iv) Research on, and promotion, development and increased use of, new and renewable forms of energy, of carbon dioxide sequestration technologies and of advanced and innovative environmentally sound technologies; (Iv) la investigación, promoción, desarrollo y aumento del uso de formas nuevas y renovables de energía, de tecnologías de secuestro del dióxido de carbono y de avanzadas y novedosas que sean ecológicamente racionales;



(v) Progressive reduction or phasing out of market imperfections, fiscal incentives, tax and duty exemptions and subsidies in all greenhouse gas emitting sectors that run counter to the objective of the Convention and application of market instruments; (V) reducción progresiva o eliminación gradual de las imperfecciones del mercado, los incentivos fiscales, las exenciones tributarias y arancelarias y las subvenciones en todos los sectores emisores de gases de efecto invernadero que sean contrarios al objetivo de la Convención y la aplicación de instrumentos de mercado;



(vi) Encouragement of appropriate reforms in relevant sectors aimed at promoting policies and measures which limit or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol; (Vi) la fomento de reformas apropiadas en los sectores pertinentes encaminadas a la promoción de políticas y medidas que limiten o reduzcan las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero no controlados por el Protocolo de Montreal;



(vii) Measures to limit and/or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol in the transport sector; (Vii) El medidas para limitar y / o reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero no controlados por el Protocolo de Montreal en el sector del transporte;



(viii) Limitation and/or reduction of methane emissions through recovery and use in waste management, as well as in the production, transport and distribution of energy; (Viii) La limitación y / o reducción de las emisiones de metano mediante su recuperación y utilización en la gestión de los residuos, así como en la producción, transporte y distribución de energía;



(b) Cooperate with other such Parties to enhance the individual and combined effectiveness of their policies and measures adopted under this Article, pursuant to Article 4, paragraph 2(e)(i), of the Convention. (B) del Cooperar con otras Partes para mejorar la eficacia individual y conjunta de sus políticas y las medidas adoptadas en virtud del presente artículo, de conformidad con el artículo 4, párrafo 2 (e) del (i), de la Convención. To this end, these Parties shall take steps to share their experience and exchange information on such policies and measures, including developing ways of improving their comparability, transparency and effectiveness. Con este fin, estas Partes adoptarán medidas para compartir sus experiencias e intercambiar información sobre tales políticas y medidas, en particular concibiendo las formas de mejorar su comparabilidad, transparencia y eficacia. The Conference of the La Conferencia de las

Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session or as soon as practicable thereafter, consider ways to facilitate such cooperation, taking into account all relevant information. Partes que actúa como reunión de las Partes en el presente Protocolo, en su primer período de sesiones o tan pronto como sea posible después, examinar los medios de facilitar dicha cooperación, teniendo en cuenta toda la información pertinente.



2. 2. The Parties included in Annex I shall pursue limitation or reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol from aviation and marine bunker fuels, working through the International Civil Aviation Organization and the International Maritime Organization, respectively. Las Partes incluidas en el anexo I procurarán limitar o reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero no controlados por el Protocolo de Montreal de la aviación y los combustibles del transporte marítimo, a través de la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional y la Organización Marítima Internacional, respectivamente.



3. 3. The Parties included in Annex I shall strive to implement policies and measures under this Article in such a way as to minimize adverse effects, including the adverse effects of climate change, effects on international trade, and social, environmental and economic impacts on other Parties, especially developing country Parties and in particular those identified in Article 4, paragraphs 8 and 9, of the Convention, taking into account Article 3 of the Convention. Las Partes incluidas en el anexo I se empeñará en aplicar políticas y medidas previstas en el presente artículo de tal manera que se reduzcan al mínimo los efectos adversos, incluidos los efectos adversos del cambio climático, los efectos sobre el comercio internacional y las repercusiones sociales, ambientales y económicas sobre otras Partes, Especialmente las Partes que son países en desarrollo y, en particular, las señaladas en el artículo 4, párrafos 8 y 9 de la Convención, teniendo en cuenta el artículo 3 de la Convención. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol may take further action, as appropriate, to promote the implementation of the provisions of this paragraph. La Conferencia de las Partes que actúa como reunión de las Partes en el presente Protocolo podrá adoptar otras medidas, según proceda, para promover la aplicación de las disposiciones de este párrafo.



4. 4. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, if it decides that it would be beneficial to coordinate any of the policies and measures in La Conferencia de las Partes que actúa como reunión de las Partes en el presente Protocolo, en caso de que decida que sería beneficioso para coordinar cualesquiera de las políticas y medidas en

paragraph 1(a) above, taking into account different national circumstances and potential effects, shall consider ways and means to elaborate the coordination of such policies and measures. Párrafo 1 (a) anterior, teniendo en cuenta las diferentes circunstancias nacionales y los posibles efectos, examinará las formas y medios de organizar la coordinación de dichas políticas y medidas.


Article 3 Artículo 3


1. 1. The Parties included in Annex I shall, individually or jointly, ensure that their aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A do not exceed their assigned amounts, calculated pursuant to their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments inscribed in Annex B and in accordance with the provisions of this Article, with a view to reducing their overall emissions of such gases by at least 5 per cent below 1990 levels in the commitment period 2008 to 2012. Las Partes incluidas en el anexo I se asegurarán, individual o conjuntamente, asegurarán de que sus antropógenas agregadas, de dióxido de carbono equivalente de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero enumerados en el anexo A no excedan de las cantidades atribuidas a ellas, calculadas en función de los compromisos cuantificados de limitación y reducción de emisiones de los compromisos consignados en el anexo B Y de conformidad con lo dispuesto en el presente artículo, con miras a reducir el total de sus emisiones de esos gases, por lo menos, un 5 por ciento por debajo de los niveles de 1990 durante el período de 2008 a 2012.



2. 2. Each Party included in Annex I shall, by 2005, have made demonstrable progress in achieving its commitments under this Protocol. Cada una de las Partes incluidas en el anexo I, para el año 2005, se han realizado avances demostrables en el cumplimiento de sus compromisos contraídos en virtud del presente Protocolo.



3. 3. The net changes in greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks resulting from direct human-induced land-use change and forestry activities, limited to afforestation, reforestation and deforestation since 1990, measured as verifiable changes in carbon stocks in each commitment period, shall be used to meet the commitments under this Article of each Party included in Annex I. The greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks associated with those activities shall be reported in a transparent and verifiable manner and reviewed in accordance with Articles 7 and 8. Las variaciones netas de los gases de efecto invernadero por las fuentes y la absorción por los sumideros resultantes de la actividad humana directa inducida por el cambio de uso de la tierra y la silvicultura, limitada a la forestación, reforestación y deforestación desde 1990, calculadas como variaciones verificables del carbono almacenado en cada período de compromiso, Ser utilizadas para cumplir los compromisos contraídos en virtud del presente artículo de cada una de las Partes incluidas en el anexo I. Las emisiones de gases de invernadero por fuentes y la absorción por los sumideros relacionadas con estas actividades se informa en una manera transparente y verificable y se examinarán de conformidad con los artículos 7 y 8.



4. 4. Prior to the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, each Party included in Annex I shall provide, for consideration by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, data to establish its level of carbon stocks in 1990 and to enable an estimate to be made of its changes in carbon stocks in subsequent years. Antes de la primera reunión de la Conferencia de las Partes que actúa como reunión de las Partes en el presente Protocolo, cada una de las Partes incluidas en el anexo I deberán disponer, para su examen por el Órgano Subsidiario de Asesoramiento Científico y Tecnológico, los datos que permitan establecer el nivel del carbono Las existencias en 1990, y para permitir una estimación que se hace de sus cambios en las reservas de carbono en los años subsiguientes. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session or as soon as practicable thereafter, decide upon modalities, rules and guidelines as to how, and which, additional human-induced activities related to changes in greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks in the agricultural soils and the land-use change and forestry categories shall be added to, or subtracted from, the assigned amounts for Parties included in Annex I, taking into account uncertainties, transparency in reporting, verifiability, the methodological work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the advice provided by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice in accordance with Article 5 and the decisions of the Conference of the Parties. La Conferencia de las Partes que actúa como reunión de las Partes en el presente Protocolo, en su primer período de sesiones o tan pronto como sea posible después de éste, determinará las modalidades, normas y directrices en cuanto a la forma, y que, actividades humanas adicionales relacionadas con los cambios En las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero por las fuentes y la absorción por los sumideros de los suelos agrícolas y el cambio de uso de la tierra y la silvicultura categorías se añadirán a, o restar de, las cantidades atribuidas a las Partes incluidas en el anexo I, teniendo en cuenta las incertidumbres, la transparencia en la presentación de informes , La verificabilidad, la labor metodológica del Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático, el asesoramiento prestado por el Órgano Subsidiario de Asesoramiento Científico y Tecnológico de conformidad con el artículo 5 y las decisiones de la Conferencia de las Partes. Such a decision shall apply in the second and subsequent commitment periods. Tal decisión se aplicará en la segunda y subsiguientes períodos de compromiso. A Party may choose to apply such a decision on these additional human-induced activities for its first commitment period, provided that these activities have taken place since 1990. Una Parte podrá optar por aplicar tal decisión sobre estas actividades humanas adicionales para su primer período de compromiso, siempre que estas actividades se han llevado a cabo desde 1990.



5. 5. The Parties included in Annex I undergoing the process of transition to a market economy whose base year or period was established pursuant to decision 9/CP.2 of the Conference of the Parties at its second session shall use that base year or period for the implementation of their commitments under this Article. Las Partes incluidas en el anexo I que están en proceso de transición a una economía de mercado cuyo año o período de base fue establecido en virtud de la decisión 9/CP.2 de la Conferencia de las Partes en su segundo período de sesiones que se utilice año o período de base para la aplicación De sus compromisos contraídos en virtud del presente artículo. Any other Party included in Annex I undergoing the process of transition to a market economy which has not yet submitted its first national communication under Article 12 of the Convention may also notify the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol that it intends to use an historical base year or period other than 1990 for the implementation of its commitments under this Article. Cualquier otra Parte incluida en el anexo I que están en proceso de transición a una economía de mercado que aún no ha presentado su primera comunicación nacional en virtud del artículo 12 de la Convención podrá también notificar a la Conferencia de las Partes que actúa como reunión de las Partes en el presente Protocolo, que Tiene la intención de utilizar un histórico año o período de base distinto de 1990 para la aplicación de sus compromisos contraídos en virtud del presente artículo. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall decide on the acceptance of such notification. La Conferencia de las Partes que actúa como reunión de las Partes en el presente Protocolo se pronunciará sobre la aceptación de dicha notificación.



6. 6. Taking into account Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Convention, in the implementation of their commitments under this Protocol other than those under this Article, a certain degree of flexibility shall be allowed by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol to the Parties included in Annex I undergoing the process of transition to a market economy. Teniendo en cuenta el artículo 4, apartado 6, del Convenio, en el cumplimiento de sus compromisos en virtud del presente Protocolo distinta de las previstas en el presente artículo, un cierto grado de flexibilidad deberá ser autorizada por la Conferencia de las Partes que actúa como reunión de las Partes En el presente Protocolo para las Partes incluidas en el anexo I que están en proceso de transición a una economía de mercado.



7. 7. In the first quantified emission limitation and reduction commitment period, from En el primer compromiso cuantificado de limitación y reducción de emisiones período de compromiso, a partir de

2008 to 2012, the assigned amount for each Party included in Annex I shall be equal to the percentage inscribed for it in Annex B of its aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A in 1990, or the base year or period determined in accordance with paragraph 5 above, multiplied by five. De 2008 a 2012, la cantidad atribuida a cada Parte incluida en el anexo I será igual al porcentaje inscrito para ella en el anexo B de su antropógenas agregadas, de dióxido de carbono equivalente de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero enumerados en el anexo A en 1990, o el año de base o Período determinado de conformidad con el párrafo 5 supra, multiplicado por cinco. Those Parties included in Annex I for whom land-use change and forestry constituted a net source of greenhouse gas emissions in 1990 shall include in their 1990 emissions base year or period the aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions by sources minus removals by sinks in 1990 from land-use change for the purposes of calculating their assigned amount. A las Partes incluidas en el anexo I para las cuales el cambio del uso de la tierra y la silvicultura constituían una fuente neta de emisiones de gases de invernadero en 1990 incluirán en sus emisiones del año de base 1990 o período de la antropógenas agregadas, de dióxido de carbono equivalente de las emisiones por las fuentes menos la absorción por los sumideros en 1990 de Cambio de uso del suelo para el cálculo de su cantidad atribuida.



8. 8. Any Party included in Annex I may use 1995 as its base year for hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride, for the purposes of the calculation referred to in paragraph 7 above. Cualquiera de las Partes incluidas en el anexo I podrán utilizar 1995 como su año de base para los hidrofluorocarbonos, perfluorocarbonos y hexafluoruro de azufre, a los efectos del cálculo a que se refiere el párrafo 7 supra.



9. 9. Commitments for subsequent periods for Parties included in Annex I shall be established in amendments to Annex B to this Protocol, which shall be adopted in accordance with the provisions of Article 21, paragraph 7. Compromisos para períodos subsiguientes de las Partes incluidas en el anexo I se establecerán en enmiendas al anexo B del presente Protocolo que se adoptarán de conformidad con lo dispuesto en el artículo 21, párrafo 7. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall initiate the consideration of such commitments at least seven years before the end of the first commitment period referred to in paragraph 1 above. La Conferencia de las Partes que actúa como reunión de las Partes en el presente Protocolo iniciar el examen de esos compromisos al menos siete años antes de que finalice el primer período de compromiso a que se refiere el apartado 1 anterior.



10. 10. Any emission reduction units, or any part of an assigned amount, which a Party acquires from another Party in accordance with the provisions of Article 6 or of Article 17 shall be added to the assigned amount for the acquiring Party. Toda unidad de reducción de emisiones, o toda fracción de una cantidad atribuida, que adquiera una Parte de otra Parte con arreglo a lo dispuesto en el artículo 6 o el artículo 17 se sumará a la cantidad atribuida a la Parte que la adquiera.



11. 11. Any emission reduction units, or any part of an assigned amount, which a Party transfers to another Party in accordance with the provisions of Article 6 or of Article 17 shall be subtracted from the assigned amount for the transferring Party. Toda unidad de reducción de emisiones, o toda fracción de una cantidad atribuida, que transfiera una Parte a otra Parte con arreglo a lo dispuesto en el artículo 6 o el artículo 17 se deducirá de la cantidad atribuida a la Parte que la transfiera.



12. 12. Any certified emission reductions which a Party acquires from another Party in accordance with the provisions of Article 12 shall be added to the assigned amount for the acquiring Party. Cualquier reducción certificada de emisiones que adquiera una Parte de otra Parte con arreglo a lo dispuesto en el artículo 12 se sumará a la cantidad atribuida a la Parte que la adquiera.



13. 13. If the emissions of a Party included in Annex I in a commitment period are less than its assigned amount under this Article, this difference shall, on request of that Party, be added to the assigned amount for that Party for subsequent commitment periods. Si las emisiones de una Parte incluida en el anexo I, en un período de compromiso son inferiores a la cantidad atribuida en virtud del presente artículo, esta diferencia, a petición de esa Parte, se añadirá a la cantidad atribuida a esa Parte para futuros períodos de compromiso.



14. 14. Each Party included in Annex I shall strive to implement the commitments mentioned in paragraph 1 above in such a way as to minimize adverse social, environmental and economic impacts on developing country Parties, particularly those identified in Article 4, paragraphs 8 and 9, of the Convention. Cada una de las Partes incluidas en el anexo I se empeñará en cumplir los compromisos señalados en el párrafo 1 supra de manera que se reduzcan al mínimo las repercusiones sociales, ambientales y económicos adversos sobre las Partes que son países en desarrollo, en particular las mencionadas en el artículo 4, párrafos 8 y 9 del Convención. In line with relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties on the implementation of those paragraphs, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session, consider what actions are necessary to minimize the adverse effects of climate change and/or the impacts of response measures on Parties referred to in those paragraphs. En consonancia con las decisiones pertinentes de la Conferencia de las Partes sobre la aplicación de esos párrafos, la Conferencia de las Partes que actúa como reunión de las Partes en el presente Protocolo, en su primer período de sesiones, considerar qué medidas son necesarias para reducir al mínimo los efectos adversos Del cambio climático y / o el impacto de las medidas de respuesta para las Partes mencionadas en esos párrafos. Among the issues to be considered shall be the establishment of funding, insurance and transfer of technology. Entre las cuestiones que se deberán tener en cuenta que el establecimiento de la financiación, los seguros y la transferencia de tecnología.




Article 4 Artículo 4






1. 1. Any Parties included in Annex I that have reached an agreement to fulfil their commitments under Article 3 jointly, shall be deemed to have met those commitments provided that their total combined aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A do not exceed their assigned amounts calculated pursuant to their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments inscribed in Annex B and in accordance with the provisions of Article 3. Ninguna de las Partes incluidas en el anexo I que han llegado a un acuerdo para cumplir sus compromisos dimanantes del artículo 3 conjuntamente, se considerará que ha cumplido los compromisos, siempre que su total combinado antropógenas agregadas, de dióxido de carbono equivalente de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero enumerados en el anexo A no excedan De las cantidades atribuidas a calcularse con arreglo a sus compromisos cuantificados de limitación y reducción de emisiones de los compromisos consignados en el anexo B y de conformidad con lo dispuesto en el artículo 3. The respective emission level allocated to each of the Parties to the agreement shall be set out in that agreement. El nivel de emisión respectivo asignado a cada una de las Partes en el acuerdo se establecerá en ese acuerdo.



2. 2. The Parties to any such agreement shall notify the secretariat of the terms of the Las Partes en todo acuerdo de este tipo notificarán a la secretaría el mandato de los

agreement on the date of deposit of their instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval of this Protocol, or accession thereto. Un acuerdo sobre la fecha de depósito de sus instrumentos de ratificación, aceptación o aprobación del presente Protocolo o de adhesión a éste. The secretariat shall in turn inform the Parties and signatories to the Convention of the terms of the agreement. La secretaría informará a su vez a las Partes y signatarios de la Convención de los términos del acuerdo.



3. 3. Any such agreement shall remain in operation for the duration of the commitment period specified in Article 3, paragraph 7. Todo acuerdo de este tipo se mantendrá en vigor durante la duración del período de compromiso especificado en el artículo 3, apartado 7.



4. 4. If Parties acting jointly do so in the framework of, and together with, a regional Si las Partes que actúan conjuntamente lo hacen en el marco de, y junto con un regionales

economic integration organization, any alteration in the composition of the organization after adoption of this Protocol shall not affect existing commitments under this Protocol. Organización de integración económica, es posible detectar cualquier alteración en la composición de la organización tras la aprobación del presente Protocolo no afectarán a los compromisos contraídos en virtud del presente Protocolo. Any alteration in the composition of the organization shall only apply for the purposes of those commitments under Article 3 that are adopted subsequent to that alteration. Cualquier alteración en la composición de la organización se aplicarán solamente a los efectos de los compromisos contraídos en virtud del artículo 3 se contraigan después de esa modificación.



5. 5. In the event of failure by the Parties to such an agreement to achieve their total En caso de incumplimiento por las Partes en un acuerdo de ese tipo para lograr su total

combined level of emission reductions, each Party to that agreement shall be responsible for its own level of emissions set out in the agreement. Nivel combinado de la reducción de las emisiones, cada una de las Partes en ese acuerdo será responsable del nivel de sus propias emisiones establecido en el acuerdo.



6. 6. If Parties acting jointly do so in the framework of, and together with, a regional Si las Partes que actúan conjuntamente lo hacen en el marco de, y junto con un regionales

economic integration organization which is itself a Party to this Protocol, each member State of that regional economic integration organization individually, and together with the regional economic integration organization acting in accordance with Article 24, shall, in the event of failure to achieve the total combined level of emission reductions, be responsible for its level of emissions as notified in accordance with this Article. Organización de integración económica que es en sí misma una de las Partes en el presente Protocolo, cada Estado miembro de esa organización regional de integración económica, en forma individual y conjuntamente con la organización regional de integración económica que actúe de conformidad con el artículo 24, serán, en caso de que no se logre el total combinado Nivel de las reducciones de emisiones, será responsable del nivel de sus propias emisiones notificado con arreglo al presente artículo.





Article 5 Artículo 5





1. 1. Each Party included in Annex I shall have in place, no later than one year prior to the start of the first commitment period, a national system for the estimation of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol. Cada una de las Partes incluidas en el anexo I establecerá, a más tardar un año antes del comienzo del primer período de compromiso, un sistema nacional para estimar las emisiones antropógenas por las fuentes y la absorción por los sumideros de todos los gases de efecto invernadero no controlados por el de Montreal Protocolo. Guidelines for such national systems, which shall incorporate the methodologies specified in paragraph 2 below, shall be decided upon by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol at its first session. Directrices para esos sistemas nacionales, que deberán incorporar a las metodologías especificadas en el párrafo 2 del presente artículo, serán decididas por la Conferencia de las Partes que actúa como reunión de las Partes en el presente Protocolo en su primer período de sesiones.



2. 2. Methodologies for estimating anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol shall be those accepted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties at its third session. Metodologías para estimar las emisiones antropógenas por las fuentes y la absorción por los sumideros de todos los gases de efecto invernadero no controlados por el Protocolo de Montreal serán las aceptadas por el Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático y acordadas por la Conferencia de las Partes en su tercer período de sesiones. Where such methodologies are not used, appropriate adjustments shall be applied according to methodologies agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol at its first session. En caso de que esas metodologías no son usados, los ajustes pertinentes, se aplicarán con arreglo a las metodologías acordadas por la Conferencia de las Partes que actúa como reunión de las Partes en el presente Protocolo en su primer período de sesiones. Based on the work of, inter alia , the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and advice provided by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall regularly review and, as appropriate, revise such methodologies and adjustments, taking fully into account any relevant decisions by the Conference of the Parties. Basándose en la labor de, entre otras cosas, el Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático y en el asesoramiento prestado por el Órgano Subsidiario de Asesoramiento Científico y Tecnológico, la Conferencia de las Partes que actúa como reunión de las Partes en el presente Protocolo examinará periódicamente y, según corresponda , Revisará esas metodologías y ajustes, teniendo plenamente en cuenta las decisiones pertinentes de la Conferencia de las Partes. Any revision to methodologies or adjustments shall be used only for the purposes of ascertaining compliance with commitments under Article 3 in respect of any commitment period adopted subsequent to that revision. Toda revisión de metodologías o ajustes se aplicará exclusivamente a los fines de determinar el cumplimiento de los compromisos contraídos en virtud del artículo 3 con respecto a un período de compromiso posterior a esa revisión.



3. 3. The global warming potentials used to calculate the carbon dioxide equivalence of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases listed in Annex A shall be those accepted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties at its third session. El potencial de calentamiento atmosférico utilizados para calcular la equivalencia de dióxido de carbono de las emisiones antropógenas por las fuentes y la absorción por los sumideros de gases de efecto invernadero enumerados en el anexo A serán los aceptados por el Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático y acordadas por la Conferencia de las Partes en su tercer Período de sesiones. Based on the work of, inter alia , the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and advice provided by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall regularly review and, as appropriate, revise the global warming potential of each such greenhouse gas, taking fully into account any relevant decisions by the Conference of the Parties. Basándose en la labor de, entre otras cosas, el Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático y en el asesoramiento prestado por el Órgano Subsidiario de Asesoramiento Científico y Tecnológico, la Conferencia de las Partes que actúa como reunión de las Partes en el presente Protocolo examinará periódicamente y, según corresponda , Revisar el potencial de calentamiento atmosférico de cada uno de esos gases de efecto invernadero, teniendo plenamente en cuenta las decisiones pertinentes de la Conferencia de las Partes. Any revision to a global warming potential shall apply only to commitments under Article 3 in respect of any commitment period adopted subsequent to that revision. Toda revisión de un potencial de calentamiento atmosférico será aplicable únicamente a los compromisos dimanantes del artículo 3 con respecto a un período de compromiso posterior a esa revisión.




Article 6 Artículo 6






1. 1. For the purpose of meeting its commitments under Article 3, any Party included in A los efectos de cumplir sus compromisos dimanantes del artículo 3, toda Parte incluida en el

Annex I may transfer to, or acquire from, any other such Party emission reduction units resulting from projects aimed at reducing anthropogenic emissions by sources or enhancing anthropogenic removals by sinks of greenhouse gases in any sector of the economy, provided that: Incluidas en el anexo I podrá transferir a, o adquirir de cualquier otra Parte unidades de reducción de emisiones resultantes de proyectos encaminados a reducir las emisiones antropógenas por las fuentes o el aumento de la absorción antropógena por los sumideros de gases de efecto invernadero en cualquier sector de la economía, a condición de que:



(a) Any such project has the approval of the Parties involved; (A) Todo proyecto de ese tipo deberá ser aprobado por las Partes participantes;



(b) Any such project provides a reduction in emissions by sources, or an enhancement of removals by sinks, that is additional to any that would otherwise occur; (B) Todo proyecto de ese tipo constituye una reducción de las emisiones por las fuentes, o un incremento de la absorción por los sumideros, que es adicional al que se producirían de otra manera;



(c) It does not acquire any emission reduction units if it is not in compliance with its obligations under Articles 5 and 7; and (C), no podrá adquirir ninguna unidad de reducción de emisiones si no ha dado cumplimiento con las obligaciones que le incumben en virtud de los artículos 5 y 7; Y



(d) The acquisition of emission reduction units shall be supplemental to domestic actions for the purposes of meeting commitments under Article 3. (D) La adquisición de unidades de reducción de emisiones será suplementaria a las medidas nacionales a los efectos de cumplir los compromisos contraídos en virtud del artículo 3.



2. 2. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol may, at its first session or as soon as practicable thereafter, further elaborate guidelines for the implementation of this Article, including for verification and reporting. La Conferencia de las Partes que actúa como reunión de las Partes en el presente Protocolo podrá, en su primer período de sesiones o tan pronto como sea posible después, establecer otras directrices para la aplicación del presente artículo, en particular para la verificación y presentación de informes.



3. 3. A Party included in Annex I may authorize legal entities to participate, under its responsibility, in actions leading to the generation, transfer or acquisition under this Article of emission reduction units. Una Parte incluida en el anexo I podrá autorizar a personas jurídicas a participar, bajo su responsabilidad, en acciones conducentes a la generación, transferencia o adquisición en virtud de este artículo de unidades de reducción de emisiones.



4. 4. If a question of implementation by a Party included in Annex I of the requirements referred to in this Article is identified in accordance with the relevant provisions of Si una cuestión de aplicación de una Parte incluida en el anexo I de los requisitos a que se refiere el presente artículo se identifica, de conformidad con las disposiciones pertinentes de

Article 8, transfers and acquisitions of emission reduction units may continue to be made after the question has been identified, provided that any such units may not be used by a Party to meet its commitments under Article 3 until any issue of compliance is resolved. El artículo 8, las transferencias y adquisiciones de unidades de reducción de emisiones podrán continuar después de planteada esa cuestión, a condición de que esas unidades no sean utilizadas por una Parte para cumplir sus compromisos dimanantes del artículo 3 mientras la cuestión del cumplimiento no se resuelva.





Article 7 Artículo 7





1. 1. Each Party included in Annex I shall incorporate in its annual inventory of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, submitted in accordance with the relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties, the necessary supplementary information for the purposes of ensuring compliance with Article 3, to be determined in accordance with paragraph 4 below. Cada una de las Partes incluidas en el anexo I incorporará en su inventario anual de las emisiones antropógenas por las fuentes y la absorción por los sumideros de gases de efecto invernadero no controlados por el Protocolo de Montreal, presentado de conformidad con las decisiones pertinentes de la Conferencia de las Partes, la información suplementaria necesaria para Los efectos de asegurar el cumplimiento del artículo 3, que se determinará de conformidad con el párrafo 4 infra.



2. 2. Each Party included in Annex I shall incorporate in its national communication, submitted under Article 12 of the Convention, the supplementary information necessary to demonstrate compliance with its commitments under this Protocol, to be determined in accordance with paragraph 4 below. Cada una de las Partes incluidas en el anexo I incorporará en su comunicación nacional presentada en virtud del artículo 12 de la Convención, la información suplementaria necesaria para demostrar el cumplimiento de sus compromisos contraídos en virtud del presente Protocolo, que se determinará de conformidad con el párrafo 4 infra.



3. 3. Each Party included in Annex I shall submit the information required under Cada una de las Partes incluidas en el anexo I presentará la información solicitada en el

paragraph 1 above annually, beginning with the first inventory due under the Convention for the first year of the commitment period after this Protocol has entered into force for that Party. Each such Party shall submit the information required under paragraph 2 above as part of the first national communication due under the Convention after this Protocol has entered into force for it and after the adoption of guidelines as provided for in paragraph 4 below. El párrafo 1 supra anualmente, comenzando por el primer inventario previstos en la Convención para el primer año del período de compromiso después de este Protocolo ha entrado en vigor para esa Parte. Cada una de esas Partes presentará la información solicitada en el párrafo 2 supra como parte de la primera Comunicación nacional en virtud de la Convención después de este Protocolo ha entrado en vigor para él y después de la adopción de directrices con arreglo a lo dispuesto en el párrafo 4 infra. The frequency of subsequent submission of information required under this Article shall be determined by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, taking into account any timetable for the submission of national communications decided upon by the Conference of the Parties. La frecuencia de la presentación ulterior de la información solicitada en el presente artículo será determinada por la Conferencia de las Partes que actúa como reunión de las Partes en el presente Protocolo, teniendo en cuenta todo calendario para la presentación de las comunicaciones nacionales adoptadas por la Conferencia de las Partes .



4. 4. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall adopt at its first session, and review periodically thereafter, guidelines for the preparation of the information required under this Article, taking into account guidelines for the preparation of national communications by Parties included in Annex I adopted by the Conference of the Parties. La Conferencia de las Partes que actúa como reunión de las Partes en el presente Protocolo adoptará en su primer período de sesiones, y examinar periódicamente en lo sucesivo directrices para la preparación de la información requerida en virtud del presente artículo, teniendo en cuenta las directrices para la preparación de las comunicaciones nacionales por Las Partes incluidas en el anexo I adoptadas por la Conferencia de las Partes. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall also, prior to the first commitment period, decide upon modalities for the accounting of assigned amounts. La Conferencia de las Partes que actúa como reunión de las Partes en el presente Protocolo también antes del primer período de compromiso, determinará las modalidades de contabilidad de las cantidades atribuidas.





Article 8 Artículo 8





1. 1. The information submitted under Article 7 by each Party included in Annex I shall be reviewed by expert review teams pursuant to the relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties and in accordance with guidelines adopted for this purpose by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol under paragraph 4 below. La información presentada en virtud del artículo 7 por cada una de las Partes incluidas en el anexo I será examinada por los equipos de expertos de conformidad con las decisiones pertinentes de la Conferencia de las Partes y de conformidad con las directrices aprobadas para este fin por la Conferencia de las Partes que actúa como reunión De las Partes en el presente Protocolo con arreglo al párrafo 4 infra. The information submitted under Article 7, paragraph 1, by each Party included in Annex I shall be reviewed as part of the annual compilation and accounting of emissions inventories and assigned amounts. La información presentada en virtud del artículo 7, apartado 1, por cada una de las Partes incluidas en el anexo I será examinada como parte de la recopilación anual y la contabilidad de los inventarios de emisiones y las cantidades atribuidas. Additionally, the information submitted under Article 7, paragraph 2, by each Party included in Annex I shall be reviewed as part of the review of communications. Además, la información presentada en virtud del artículo 7, apartado 2, por cada una de las Partes incluidas en el anexo I será examinada como parte del examen de las comunicaciones.



2. 2. Expert review teams shall be coordinated by the secretariat and shall be composed of experts selected from those nominated by Parties to the Convention and, as appropriate, by intergovernmental organizations, in accordance with guidance provided for this purpose by the Conference of the Parties. Los equipos de expertos estarán coordinados por la secretaría y estarán integrados por expertos escogidos entre los candidatos propuestos por las Partes en la Convención y, según corresponda, por organizaciones intergubernamentales, de conformidad con la orientación proporcionada a este fin por la Conferencia de las Partes.



3. 3. The review process shall provide a thorough and comprehensive technical assessment El proceso de examen permitirá una evaluación técnica exhaustiva e integral

of all aspects of the implementation by a Party of this Protocol. De todos los aspectos de la aplicación por una Parte en el presente Protocolo. The expert review teams shall prepare a report to the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol , assessing the implementation of the commitments of the Party and identifying any potential problems in, and factors influencing, the fulfilment of commitments. Los equipos de expertos elaborarán un informe a la Conferencia de las Partes que actúa como reunión de las Partes en el presente Protocolo, la evaluación de la aplicación de los compromisos de la Parte y determinarán los posibles problemas y los factores que incidan en el cumplimiento de los compromisos. Such reports shall be circulated by the secretariat to all Parties to the Convention. Dichos informes serán distribuidas por la secretaría a todas las Partes en la Convención. The secretariat shall list those questions of implementation indicated in such reports for further consideration by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. La secretaría hará una lista de las cuestiones de aplicación que se hayan señalado en esos informes para su ulterior consideración por la Conferencia de las Partes que actúa como reunión de las Partes en el presente Protocolo.



4. 4. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall adopt at its first session, and review periodically thereafter, guidelines for the review of implementation of this Protocol by expert review teams taking into account the relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties. La Conferencia de las Partes que actúa como reunión de las Partes en el presente Protocolo adoptará en su primer período de sesiones, y examinar periódicamente en lo sucesivo directrices para el examen de la aplicación del presente Protocolo por los equipos de expertos, teniendo en cuenta las decisiones pertinentes de la Conferencia de Las Partes.



5. 5. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, with the assistance of the Subsidiary Body for Implementation and, as appropriate, the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, consider: La Conferencia de las Partes que actúa como reunión de las Partes en el presente Protocolo, con la asistencia del Órgano Subsidiario de Ejecución y, según corresponda, del Órgano Subsidiario de Asesoramiento Científico y Tecnológico, examinará:



(a) The information submitted by Parties under Article 7 and the reports of the expert reviews thereon conducted under this Article; and (A) La información presentada por las Partes en virtud del artículo 7 y los informes de las evaluaciones de expertos que hayan realizado de ella en virtud del presente artículo; Y



(b) Those questions of implementation listed by the secretariat under (B), Las cuestiones relacionadas con la aplicación que haya enumerado la secretaría de conformidad con el

paragraph 3 above, as well as any questions raised by Parties. El párrafo 3 supra, así como toda cuestión que hayan planteado las Partes.



6. 6. Pursuant to its consideration of the information referred to in paragraph 5 above, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall take decisions on any matter required for the implementation of this Protocol. De conformidad con el examen de la información mencionada en el párrafo 5 supra, la Conferencia de las Partes que actúa como reunión de las Partes en el presente Protocolo adoptará decisiones sobre cualquier cuestión necesaria para la aplicación del presente Protocolo.





Article 9 Artículo 9





1. 1. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall periodically review this Protocol in the light of the best available scientific information and assessments on climate change and its impacts, as well as relevant technical, social and economic information. La Conferencia de las Partes que actúa como reunión de las Partes en el presente Protocolo examinará periódicamente el presente Protocolo a la luz de la mejor información científica disponible y las evaluaciones sobre el cambio climático y sus impactos, así como de la información técnica, social y económica pertinente. Such reviews shall be coordinated with pertinent reviews under the Convention, in particular those required by Article 4, paragraph 2(d), and Article 7, Esos exámenes serán coordinadas con las revisiones pertinentes en virtud de la Convención, en particular las exigidas en el artículo 4, párrafo 2 (d), y en el artículo 7,

paragraph 2(a), of the Convention. Párrafo 2 (a), del Convenio. Based on these reviews, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall take appropriate action. Sobre la base de estas revisiones, la Conferencia de las Partes que actúa como reunión de las Partes en el presente Protocolo adoptará las medidas adecuadas.



2. 2. The first review shall take place at the second session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. El primer examen tendrá lugar en la segunda reunión de la Conferencia de las Partes que actúa como reunión de las Partes en el presente Protocolo. Further reviews shall take place at regular intervals and in a timely manner. Los siguientes se realizarán a intervalos regulares y en el momento oportuno.





Article 10 Artículo 10





All Parties, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and Todas las Partes, teniendo en cuenta sus responsabilidades comunes pero diferenciadas y

their specific national and regional development priorities, objectives and circumstances, without introducing any new commitments for Parties not included in Annex I, but reaffirming existing commitments under Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention, and continuing to advance the implementation of these commitments in order to achieve sustainable development, taking into account Article 4, paragraphs 3, 5 and 7, of the Convention, shall: De las especificidades nacionales y regionales de desarrollo, las prioridades, los objetivos y las circunstancias, sin introducir ningún nuevo compromiso para las Partes no incluidas en el anexo I, sino reafirmar los compromisos contraídos en virtud del artículo 4, apartado 1, del Convenio, y continuar impulsando el cumplimiento de esos compromisos en Para lograr un desarrollo sostenible, teniendo en cuenta el artículo 4, apartados 3, 5 y 7 de la Convención, deberá:





(a) Formulate, where relevant and to the extent possible, cost-effective national (Un) Formularán, donde corresponda y en la medida de lo posible, eficaz en función del costo nacional

and, where appropriate, regional programmes to improve the quality of local emission factors, activity data and/or models which reflect the socio-economic conditions of each Party for the preparation and periodic updating of national inventories of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, using comparable methodologies to be agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties, and consistent with the guidelines for the preparation of national communications adopted by the Conference of the Parties; Y, en su caso, los programas regionales para mejorar la calidad de los factores de emisión locales, datos de actividad y / o modelos que reflejen las condiciones socioeconómicas de cada Parte para la elaboración y actualización periódica de los inventarios nacionales de emisiones antropógenas por las fuentes y la absorción por los sumideros De todos los gases de efecto invernadero no controlados por el Protocolo de Montreal, utilizando metodologías comparables que habrán de ser acordadas por la Conferencia de las Partes, y en consonancia con las directrices para la preparación de las comunicaciones nacionales adoptadas por la Conferencia de las Partes;



(b) Formulate, implement, publish and regularly update national and, where appropriate, regional programmes containing measures to mitigate climate change and measures to facilitate adequate adaptation to climate change: (B) Formular, aplicar, publicar y actualizar regularmente programas nacionales y, cuando corresponda, regionales que contengan medidas para mitigar el cambio climático y medidas para facilitar la adaptación adecuada al cambio climático:



(i) Such programmes would, inter alia , concern the energy, transport and industry sectors as well as agriculture, forestry and waste management. (I) Los programas que, entre otras cosas, se refieren a la energía, el transporte y los sectores de la industria, así como la agricultura, la silvicultura y la gestión de los residuos. Furthermore, adaptation technologies and methods for improving spatial planning would improve adaptation to climate change; and Por otra parte, la adaptación de tecnologías y métodos para la mejora de la planificación espacial se mejora la adaptación al cambio climático; Y



(ii) Parties included in Annex I shall submit information on action under this Protocol, including national programmes, in accordance with Article 7; and other Parties shall seek to include in their national communications, as appropriate, information on programmes which contain measures that the Party believes contribute to addressing climate change and its adverse impacts, including the abatement of increases in greenhouse gas emissions, and enhancement of and removals by sinks, capacity building and adaptation measures; (Ii) la Partes incluidas en el anexo I presentarán información sobre las medidas adoptadas en virtud del presente Protocolo, incluidos los programas nacionales, de conformidad con el artículo 7; Y otras Partes procurarán incluir en sus comunicaciones nacionales, según corresponda, información sobre programas que contengan medidas que la Partido cree que contribuyen a hacer frente al cambio climático y sus efectos adversos, incluida la reducción de los aumentos en las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero e incrementar la absorción por los sumideros, el fomento de la capacidad y medidas de adaptación;



(c) Cooperate in the promotion of effective modalities for the development, application and diffusion of, and take all practicable steps to promote, facilitate and finance, as appropriate, the transfer of, or access to, environmentally sound technologies, know-how, practices and processes pertinent to climate change, in particular to developing countries, including the formulation of policies and programmes for the effective transfer of (C), Cooperar en la promoción de modalidades eficaces para el desarrollo, la aplicación y la difusión de tecnologías, y adoptar todas las medidas posibles para promover, facilitar y financiar, según proceda, la transferencia de, o el acceso a tecnologías ecológicamente racionales, los conocimientos, Las prácticas y los procesos pertinentes al cambio climático, en particular a los países en desarrollo, incluida la formulación de políticas y programas para la transferencia efectiva de

environmentally sound technologies that are publicly owned or in the public domain and the creation of an enabling environment for the private sector, to promote and enhance the transfer of, and access to, environmentally sound technologies; Tecnologías ecológicamente racionales que sean de propiedad pública o de dominio público y la creación de un entorno propicio para el sector privado, para promover y fomentar la transferencia de, y el acceso a tecnologías ecológicamente racionales;



(d) Cooperate in scientific and technical research and promote the maintenance and the development of systematic observation systems and development of data archives to reduce uncertainties related to the climate system, the adverse impacts of climate change and the economic and social consequences of various response strategies, and promote the development and strengthening of endogenous capacities and capabilities to participate in international and intergovernmental efforts, programmes and networks on research and systematic observation, taking into account Article 5 of the Convention; (D) del Cooperar en la investigación científica y técnica y promover la conservación y el desarrollo de la observación sistemática y la creación de archivos de datos para reducir las incertidumbres relacionadas con el sistema climático, las repercusiones adversas del cambio climático y las consecuencias económicas y sociales de las diversas estrategias de respuesta , Y promover el desarrollo y el fortalecimiento de las capacidades endógenas y la capacidad de participar en los esfuerzos internacionales e intergubernamentales, los programas y redes de investigación y observación sistemática, teniendo en cuenta el artículo 5 de la Convención;









(e) Cooperate in and promote at the international level, and, where appropriate, (E) Cooperar y promover en el plano internacional y, en su caso,

using existing bodies, the development and implementation of education and training programmes, including the strengthening of national capacity building, in particular human and institutional capacities and the exchange or secondment of personnel to train experts in this field, in particular for developing countries, and facilitate at the national level public awareness of, and public access to information on, climate change. Utilizando los órganos existentes, el desarrollo y la aplicación de programas de educación y formación, incluido el fortalecimiento de la creación de capacidad nacional, en particular capacidad humana e institucional y el intercambio o la adscripción de personal encargado de formar expertos en esta esfera, en particular para los países en desarrollo, y facilitar En el plano nacional el conocimiento público de, y el acceso del público a la información sobre el cambio climático. Suitable modalities should be developed to implement these activities through the relevant bodies of the Convention, taking into account Article 6 of the Convention; Se deberán establecer las modalidades adecuados para poner en ejecución estas actividades por conducto de los órganos pertinentes de la Convención, teniendo en cuenta el artículo 6 de la Convención;



(f) Include in their national communications information on programmes and activities undertaken pursuant to this Article in accordance with relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties; and (Af) Incluirán en sus comunicaciones nacionales información sobre los programas y actividades llevadas a cabo en virtud del presente artículo, de conformidad con las decisiones pertinentes de la Conferencia de las Partes; Y



(g) Give full consideration, in implementing the commitments under this Article, to Article 4, paragraph 8, of the Convention.





Article 11





1. In the implementation of Article 10, Parties shall take into account the provisions of Article 4, paragraphs 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9, of the Convention.



2. In the context of the implementation of Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention, in accordance with the provisions of Article 4, paragraph 3, and Article 11 of the Convention, and through the entity or entities entrusted with the operation of the financial mechanism of the Convention, the developed country Parties and other developed Parties included in Annex II to the Convention shall: In the context of the implementation of Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention, in accordance with the provisions of Article 4, paragraph 3, and Article 11 of the Convention, and through the entity or entities entrusted with the operation of the financial mechanism of the Convention, the developed country Parties and other developed Parties included in Annex II to the Convention shall:



(a) Provide new and additional financial resources to meet the agreed full costs incurred by developing country Parties in advancing the implementation of existing commitments under Article 4, paragraph 1(a), of the Convention that are covered in

Article 10, subparagraph (a); and



(b) Also provide such financial resources, including for the transfer of technology, needed by the developing country Parties to meet the agreed full incremental costs of advancing the implementation of existing commitments under Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention that are covered by Article 10 and that are agreed between a developing country Party and the international entity or entities referred to in Article 11 of the Convention, in accordance with that Article. (b) Also provide such financial resources, including for the transfer of technology, needed by the developing country Parties to meet the agreed full incremental costs of advancing the implementation of existing commitments under Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention that are covered by Article 10 and that are agreed between a developing country Party and the international entity or entities referred to in Article 11 of the Convention, in accordance with that Article.



The implementation of these existing commitments shall take into account the need for adequacy and predictability in the flow of funds and the importance of appropriate burden sharing among developed country Parties. The guidance to the entity or entities entrusted with the operation of the financial mechanism of the Convention in relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties, including those agreed before the adoption of this Protocol, shall apply mutatis mutandis to the provisions of this paragraph.





3. The developed country Parties and other developed Parties in Annex II to the

Convention may also provide, and developing country Parties avail themselves of, financial resources for the implementation of Article 10, through bilateral, regional and other multilateral channels.





Article 12





1. A clean development mechanism is hereby defined.



2. The purpose of the clean development mechanism shall be to assist Parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable development and in contributing to the ultimate objective of the Convention, and to assist Parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3. The purpose of the clean development mechanism shall be to assist Parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable development and in contributing to the ultimate objective of the Convention, and to assist Parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3.



3. Under the clean development mechanism:



(a) Parties not included in Annex I will benefit from project activities resulting in certified emission reductions; and



(b) Parties included in Annex I may use the certified emission reductions accruing from such project activities to contribute to compliance with part of their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3, as determined by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. (b) Parties included in Annex I may use the certified emission reductions accruing from such project activities to contribute to compliance with part of their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3, as determined by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol.



4. The clean development mechanism shall be subject to the authority and guidance of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol and be supervised by an executive board of the clean development mechanism.



5. Emission reductions resulting from each project activity shall be certified by operational entities to be designated by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, on the basis of:



(a) Voluntary participation approved by each Party involved;



(b) Real, measurable, and long-term benefits related to the mitigation of climate change; and



(c) Reductions in emissions that are additional to any that would occur in the absence of the certified project activity.



6. The clean development mechanism shall assist in arranging funding of certified project activities as necessary.











7. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session, elaborate modalities and procedures with the objective of ensuring transparency, efficiency and accountability through independent auditing and verification of project activities.



8. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall ensure that a share of the proceeds from certified project activities is used to cover administrative expenses as well as to assist developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change to meet the costs of adaptation. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall ensure that a share of the proceeds from certified project activities is used to cover administrative expenses as well as to assist developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change to meet the costs of adaptation.



9. Participation under the clean development mechanism, including in activities mentioned in paragraph 3(a) above and in the acquisition of certified emission reductions, may involve private and/or public entities, and is to be subject to whatever guidance may be provided by the executive board of the clean development mechanism. Participation under the clean development mechanism, including in activities mentioned in paragraph 3(a) above and in the acquisition of certified emission reductions, may involve private and/or public entities, and is to be subject to whatever guidance may be provided by the executive board of the clean development mechanism.



10. Certified emission reductions obtained during the period from the year 2000 up to the beginning of the first commitment period can be used to assist in achieving compliance in the first commitment period.





Article 13





1. The Conference of the Parties, the supreme body of the Convention, shall serve as the

meeting of the Parties to this Protocol.



2. Parties to the Convention that are not Parties to this Protocol may participate as

observers in the proceedings of any session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. When the Conference of the Parties serves as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, decisions under this Protocol shall be taken only by those that are Parties to this Protocol.



3. When the Conference of the Parties serves as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, any member of the Bureau of the Conference of the Parties representing a Party to the Convention but, at that time, not a Party to this Protocol, shall be replaced by an additional member to be elected by and from amongst the Parties to this Protocol. When the Conference of the Parties serves as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, any member of the Bureau of the Conference of the Parties representing a Party to the Convention but, at that time, not a Party to this Protocol, shall be replaced by an additional member to be elected by and from amongst the Parties to this Protocol.



4. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall keep under regular review the implementation of this Protocol and shall make, within its mandate, the decisions necessary to promote its effective implementation. It shall perform the functions assigned to it by this Protocol and shall:



(a) Assess, on the basis of all information made available to it in accordance with

the provisions of this Protocol, the implementation of this Protocol by the Parties, the overall effects of the measures taken pursuant to this Protocol, in particular environmental, economic and social effects as well as their cumulative impacts and the extent to which progress towards the objective of the Convention is being achieved; the provisions of this Protocol, the implementation of this Protocol by the Parties, the overall effects of the measures taken pursuant to this Protocol, in particular environmental, economic and social effects as well as their cumulative impacts and the extent to which progress towards the objective of the Convention is being achieved;





(b) Periodically examine the obligations of the Parties under this Protocol, giving due consideration to any reviews required by Article 4, paragraph 2(d), and Article 7, paragraph 2, of the Convention, in the light of the objective of the Convention, the experience gained in its implementation and the evolution of scientific and technological knowledge, and in this respect consider and adopt regular reports on the implementation of this Protocol; (b) Periodically examine the obligations of the Parties under this Protocol, giving due consideration to any reviews required by Article 4, paragraph 2(d), and Article 7, paragraph 2, of the Convention, in the light of the objective of the Convention, the experience gained in its implementation and the evolution of scientific and technological knowledge, and in this respect consider and adopt regular reports on the implementation of this Protocol;



(c) Promote and facilitate the exchange of information on measures adopted by the Parties to address climate change and its effects, taking into account the differing circumstances, responsibilities and capabilities of the Parties and their respective commitments under this Protocol;



(d) Facilitate, at the request of two or more Parties, the coordination of measures adopted by them to address climate change and its effects, taking into account the differing circumstances, responsibilities and capabilities of the Parties and their respective commitments under this Protocol;



(e) Promote and guide, in accordance with the objective of the Convention and the provisions of this Protocol, and taking fully into account the relevant decisions by the Conference of the Parties, the development and periodic refinement of comparable methodologies for the effective implementation of this Protocol, to be agreed on by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol; (e) Promote and guide, in accordance with the objective of the Convention and the provisions of this Protocol, and taking fully into account the relevant decisions by the Conference of the Parties, the development and periodic refinement of comparable methodologies for the effective implementation of this Protocol, to be agreed on by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol;



(f) Make recommendations on any matters necessary for the implementation of this Protocol;



(g) Seek to mobilize additional financial resources in accordance with

Article 11, paragraph 2;



(h) Establish such subsidiary bodies as are deemed necessary for the implementation of this Protocol;



(i) Seek and utilize, where appropriate, the services and cooperation of, and information provided by, competent international organizations and intergovernmental and non-governmental bodies; and



(j) Exercise such other functions as may be required for the implementation of this Protocol, and consider any assignment resulting from a decision by the Conference of the Parties.



5. The rules of procedure of the Conference of the Parties and financial procedures applied under the Convention shall be applied mutatis mutandis under this Protocol, except as may be otherwise decided by consensus by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. The rules of procedure of the Conference of the Parties and financial procedures applied under the Convention shall be applied mutatis mutandis under this Protocol, except as may be otherwise decided by consensus by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol .



6. The first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall be convened by the secretariat in conjunction with the first session of the Conference of the Parties that is scheduled after the date of the entry into force of this Protocol. The first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall be convened by the secretariat in conjunction with the first session of the Conference of the Parties that is scheduled after the date of the entry into force of this Protocol. Subsequent ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall be held every year and in conjunction with ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties, unless otherwise decided by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. Subsequent ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall be held every year and in conjunction with ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties, unless otherwise decided by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol.



7. Extraordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the

Parties to this Protocol shall be held at such other times as may be deemed necessary by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, or at the written request of any Party, provided that, within six months of the request being communicated to the Parties by the secretariat, it is supported by at least one third of the Parties. Parties to this Protocol shall be held at such other times as may be deemed necessary by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, or at the written request of any Party, provided that, within six months of the request being communicated to the Parties by the secretariat, it is supported by at least one third of the Parties.



8. The United Nations, its specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy

Agency, as well as any State member thereof or observers thereto not party to the Convention, may be represented at sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol as observers. Any body or agency, whether national or international, governmental or non-governmental, which is qualified in matters covered by this Protocol and which has informed the secretariat of its wish to be represented at a session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol as an observer, may be so admitted unless at least one third of the Parties present object. Any body or agency, whether national or international, governmental or non-governmental, which is qualified in matters covered by this Protocol and which has informed the secretariat of its wish to be represented at a session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol as an observer, may be so admitted unless at least one third of the Parties present object. The admission and participation of observers shall be subject to the rules of procedure, as referred to in

paragraph 5 above.




Article 14






1. The secretariat established by Article 8 of the Convention shall serve as the secretariat of this Protocol.



2. Article 8, paragraph 2, of the Convention on the functions of the secretariat, and

Article 8, paragraph 3, of the Convention on arrangements made for the functioning of the secretariat, shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Protocol. The secretariat shall, in addition, exercise the functions assigned to it under this Protocol.





Article 15





1. The Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation established by Articles 9 and 10 of the Convention shall serve as, respectively, the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of this Protocol. The provisions relating to the functioning of these two bodies under the Convention shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Protocol. Sessions of the meetings of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of this Protocol shall be held in conjunction with the meetings of, respectively, the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of the Convention. Sessions of the meetings of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of this Protocol shall be held in conjunction with the meetings of, respectively, the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of the Convention.



2. Parties to the Convention that are not Parties to this Protocol may participate as observers in the proceedings of any session of the subsidiary bodies. When the subsidiary bodies serve as the subsidiary bodies of this Protocol, decisions under this Protocol shall be taken only by those that are Parties to this Protocol.



3. When the subsidiary bodies established by Articles 9 and 10 of the Convention exercise their functions with regard to matters concerning this Protocol, any member of the Bureaux of those subsidiary bodies representing a Party to the Convention but, at that time, not a party to this Protocol, shall be replaced by an additional member to be elected by and from amongst the Parties to this Protocol. When the subsidiary bodies established by Articles 9 and 10 of the Convention exercise their functions with regard to matters concerning this Protocol, any member of the Bureaux of those subsidiary bodies representing a Party to the Convention but, at that time, not a party to this Protocol, shall be replaced by an additional member to be elected by and from amongst the Parties to this Protocol.




Article 16






The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, as soon as practicable, consider the application to this Protocol of, and modify as appropriate, the multilateral consultative process referred to in Article 13 of the Convention, in the light of any relevant decisions that may be taken by the Conference of the Parties. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, as soon as practicable, consider the application to this Protocol of, and modify as appropriate, the multilateral consultative process referred to in Article 13 of the Convention, in the light of any relevant decisions that may be taken by the Conference of the Parties. Any multilateral consultative process that may be applied to this Protocol shall operate without prejudice to the procedures and mechanisms established in accordance with Article 18.





Article 17





The Conference of the Parties shall define the relevant principles, modalities, rules and guidelines, in particular for verification, reporting and accountability for emissions trading. The Parties included in Annex B may participate in emissions trading for the purposes of fulfilling their commitments under Article 3. The Conference of the Parties shall define the relevant principles, modalities, rules and guidelines, in particular for verification, reporting and accountability for emissions trading. The Parties included in Annex B may participate in emissions trading for the purposes of fulfilling their commitments under Article 3 . Any such trading shall be supplemental to domestic actions for the purpose of meeting quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under that Article.




Article 18





The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session, approve appropriate and effective procedures and mechanisms to determine and to address cases of non-compliance with the provisions of this Protocol, including through the development of an indicative list of consequences, taking into account the cause, type, degree and frequency of non-compliance. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session, approve appropriate and effective procedures and mechanisms to determine and to address cases of non-compliance with the provisions of this Protocol, including through the development of an indicative list of consequences, taking into account the cause, type, degree and frequency of non-compliance. Any procedures and mechanisms under this Article entailing binding consequences shall be adopted by means of an amendment to this Protocol.



Article 19






The provisions of Article 14 of the Convention on settlement of disputes shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Protocol.









Article 20



1. Any Party may propose amendments to this Protocol.



2. Amendments to this Protocol shall be adopted at an ordinary session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. The text of any proposed amendment to this Protocol shall be communicated to the Parties by the secretariat at least six months before the meeting at which it is proposed for adoption. The secretariat shall also communicate the text of any proposed amendments to the Parties and signatories to the Convention and, for information, to the Depositary.



3. The Parties shall make every effort to reach agreement on any proposed amendment to this Protocol by consensus. If all efforts at consensus have been exhausted, and no agreement reached, the amendment shall as a last resort be adopted by a three-fourths majority vote of the Parties present and voting at the meeting. The adopted amendment shall be communicated by the secretariat to the Depositary, who shall circulate it to all Parties for their acceptance.



4. Instruments of acceptance in respect of an amendment shall be deposited with the Depositary. An amendment adopted in accordance with paragraph 3 above shall enter into force for those Parties having accepted it on the ninetieth day after the date of receipt by the Depositary of an instrument of acceptance by at least three fourths of the Parties to this Protocol.



5. The amendment shall enter into force for any other Party on the ninetieth day after the date on which that Party deposits with the Depositary its instrument of acceptance of the said amendment.





Article 21



1. Annexes to this Protocol shall form an integral part thereof and, unless otherwise expressly provided, a reference to this Protocol constitutes at the same time a reference to any annexes thereto. Any annexes adopted after the entry into force of this Protocol shall be restricted to lists, forms and any other material of a descriptive nature that is of a scientific, technical, procedural or administrative character.



2. Any Party may make proposals for an annex to this Protocol and may propose amendments to annexes to this Protocol.



3. Annexes to this Protocol and amendments to annexes to this Protocol shall be adopted at an ordinary session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. The text of any proposed annex or amendment to an annex shall be communicated to the Parties by the secretariat at least six months before the meeting at which it is proposed for adoption. The secretariat shall also communicate the text of any proposed annex or amendment to an annex to the Parties and signatories to the Convention and, for information, to the Depositary.



4. The Parties shall make every effort to reach agreement on any proposed annex or amendment to an annex by consensus. If all efforts at consensus have been exhausted, and no agreement reached, the annex or amendment to an annex shall as a last resort be adopted by a three-fourths majority vote of the Parties present and voting at the meeting. The adopted annex or amendment to an annex shall be communicated by the secretariat to the Depositary, who shall circulate it to all Parties for their acceptance.



5. An annex, or amendment to an annex other than Annex A or B, that has been adopted in accordance with paragraphs 3 and 4 above shall enter into force for all Parties to this Protocol six months after the date of the communication by the Depositary to such Parties of the adoption of the annex or adoption of the amendment to the annex, except for those Parties that have notified the Depositary, in writing, within that period of their non-acceptance of the annex or amendment to the annex. An annex, or amendment to an annex other than Annex A or B, that has been adopted in accordance with paragraphs 3 and 4 above shall enter into force for all Parties to this Protocol six months after the date of the communication by the Depositary to such Parties of the adoption of the annex or adoption of the amendment to the annex, except for those Parties that have notified the Depositary, in writing, within that period of their non-acceptance of the annex or amendment to the annex. The annex or amendment to an annex shall enter into force for Parties which withdraw their notification of non-acceptance on the ninetieth day after the date on which withdrawal of such notification has been received by the Depositary.



6. If the adoption of an annex or an amendment to an annex involves an amendment to this Protocol, that annex or amendment to an annex shall not enter into force until such time as the amendment to this Protocol enters into force.



7. Amendments to Annexes A and B to this Protocol shall be adopted and enter into force in accordance with the procedure set out in Article 20, provided that any amendment to Annex B shall be adopted only with the written consent of the Party concerned .





Article 22



1. Each Party shall have one vote, except as provided for in paragraph 2 below.



2. Regional economic integration organizations, in matters within their competence, shall exercise their right to vote with a number of votes equal to the number of their member States that are Parties to this Protocol. Such an organization shall not exercise its right to vote if any of its member States exercises its right, and vice versa.





Article 23





The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall be the Depositary of this Protocol.





Article 24



1. This Protocol shall be open for signature and subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by States and regional economic integration organizations which are Parties to the Convention. It shall be open for signature at United Nations Headquarters in New York from

16 March 1998 to 15 March 1999. This Protocol shall be open for accession from the day after the date on which it is closed for signature. Instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be deposited with the Depositary.



2. Any regional economic integration organization which becomes a Party to this Protocol without any of its member States being a Party shall be bound by all the obligations under this Protocol. In the case of such organizations, one or more of whose member States is a Party to this Protocol, the organization and its member States shall decide on their respective responsibilities for the performance of their obligations under this Protocol. In such cases, the organization and the member States shall not be entitled to exercise rights under this Protocol concurrently.



3. In their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, regional economic integration organizations shall declare the extent of their competence with respect to the matters governed by this Protocol. These organizations shall also inform the Depositary, who shall in turn inform the Parties, of any substantial modification in the extent of their competence.




Article 25






1. This Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date on which not less than 55 Parties to the Convention, incorporating Parties included in Annex I which accounted in total for at least 55 per cent of the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990 of the Parties included in Annex I, have deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. This Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date on which not less than 55 Parties to the Convention, incorporating Parties included in Annex I which accounted in total for at least 55 per cent of the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990 of the Parties included in Annex I, have deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.



2. For the purposes of this Article, "the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990 of the Parties included in Annex I" means the amount communicated on or before the date of adoption of this Protocol by the Parties included in Annex I in their first national communications submitted in accordance with Article 12 of the Convention. For the purposes of this Article, "the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990 of the Parties included in Annex I" means the amount communicated on or before the date of adoption of this Protocol by the Parties included in Annex I in their first national communications submitted in accordance with Article 12 of the Convention.



3. For each State or regional economic integration organization that ratifies, accepts or

approves this Protocol or accedes thereto after the conditions set out in paragraph 1 above for entry into force have been fulfilled, this Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day following the date of deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.



4. For the purposes of this Article, any instrument deposited by a regional economic

integration organization shall not be counted as additional to those deposited by States members of the organization.




Article 26






No reservations may be made to this Protocol.




Article 27






1. At any time after three years from the date on which this Protocol has entered into force for a Party, that Party may withdraw from this Protocol by giving written notification to the Depositary.



2. Any such withdrawal shall take effect upon expiry of one year from the date of receipt by the Depositary of the notification of withdrawal, or on such later date as may be specified in the notification of withdrawal.



3. Any Party that withdraws from the Convention shall be considered as also having withdrawn from this Protocol.









Article 28





The original of this Protocol, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the

United Nations.



DONE at Kyoto this eleventh day of December one thousand nine hundred and

ninety-seven.



IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorized to that effect, have affixed their signatures to this Protocol on the dates indicated.



Annex A





Greenhouse gases



Carbon dioxide (CO 2 )

Methane (CH 4 )

Nitrous oxide (N 2 O)

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)

Sulphur hexafluoride (SF 6 )



Sectors/source categories



Energy

Fuel combustion

Energy industries

Manufacturing industries and construction

Transport

Other sectors

Other

Fugitive emissions from fuels

Solid fuels

Oil and natural gas

Other



Industrial processes

Mineral products

Chemical industry

Metal production

Other production

Production of halocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride

Consumption of halocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride

Other



Solvent and other product use



Agriculture

Enteric fermentation

Manure management

Rice cultivation

Agricultural soils

Prescribed burning of savannas

Field burning of agricultural residues

Other







Waste

Solid waste disposal on land

Wastewater handling

Waste incineration

Other



Annex B





Party Quantified emission limitation or

reduction commitment

(percentage of base year or period)



Australia 108

Austria 92

Belgium 92

Bulgaria* 92

Canada 94

Croatia* 95

Czech Republic* 92

Denmark 92

Estonia* 92

European Community 92

Finland 92

France 92

Germany 92

Greece 92

Hungary* 94

Iceland 110

Ireland 92

Italy 92

Japan 94

Latvia* 92

Liechtenstein 92

Lithuania* 92

Luxembourg 92

Monaco 92

Netherlands 92

New Zealand 100

Norway 101

Poland* 94

Portugal 92

Romania* 92

Russian Federation* 100

Slovakia* 92

Slovenia* 92

Spain 92

Sweden 92

Switzerland 92

Ukraine* 100

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 92

United States of America 93

* Countries that are undergoing the process of transition to a market economy