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PROTOCOL TO THE Protocollo per il

UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE NAZIONI UNITE convenzione quadro sui cambiamenti climatici




The Parties to this Protocol , Le Parti del presente protocollo,



Being Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, hereinafter referred to as "the Convention", Essendo Parti della Convenzione quadro delle Nazioni Unite sui cambiamenti climatici, in seguito denominata "la convenzione",


In pursuit of the ultimate objective of the Convention as stated in its Article 2, Nel perseguire l'obiettivo ultimo della convenzione, come dichiarato nel suo articolo 2,


Recalling the provisions of the Convention, Ricordando le disposizioni della Convenzione,

Being guided by Article 3 of the Convention, Essere guidati dall'articolo 3 della Convenzione,



Pursuant to the Berlin Mandate adopted by decision 1/CP.1 of the Conformemente al mandato di Berlino ha adottato con decisione 1/CP.1 della

Conference of the Parties to the Convention at its first session, Conferenza delle Parti della Convenzione nella sua prima sessione,


Have agreed as follows: Hanno convenuto quanto segue:


Article 1 Articolo 1


For the purposes of this Protocol, the definitions contained in Article 1 of the Convention shall apply. Ai fini del presente protocollo, le definizioni di cui all'articolo 1 della Convenzione si applica. In addition: In aggiunta:



1. 1. "Conference of the Parties" means the Conference of the Parties to the Convention. "Conferenza delle Parti" si intende la Conferenza delle Parti della Convenzione.



2. 2. "Convention" means the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, adopted in New York on 9 May 1992. "Convenzione": la convenzione quadro delle Nazioni Unite sui cambiamenti climatici, adottata a New York il 9 maggio 1992.



3. 3. "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change" means the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change established in 1988 jointly by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme. "Panel intergovernativo sul cambiamento climatico", il gruppo di esperti intergovernativo sui cambiamenti climatici istituito nel 1988 congiuntamente dalla World Meteorological Organization e il programma ambientale delle Nazioni Unite.



4. 4. "Montreal Protocol" means the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, adopted in Montreal on 16 September 1987 and as subsequently adjusted and amended. "Protocollo di Montreal" si intende il protocollo di Montreal sulle sostanze che riducono lo strato di ozono, adottato a Montreal il 16 settembre 1987 e come successivamente modificata e adattata.



5. 5. "Parties present and voting" means Parties present and casting an affirmative or negative vote. "Parti presenti e votanti" si intendono le Parti presenti e che esprimono un voto affermativo o negativo.



6. 6. "Party" means, unless the context otherwise indicates, a Party to this Protocol. "Parte" si intende, a meno che il contesto indica altrimenti, di una parte del presente protocollo.



7. 7. "Party included in Annex I" means a Party included in Annex I to the Convention, as may be amended, or a Party which has made a notification under Article 4, paragraph 2(g), of the Convention. "Parte inclusa nell'allegato I" si intende una Parte inclusa nell'allegato I della Convenzione, così come può essere modificato, o di un partito che ha fatto una notifica ai sensi dell'articolo 4, paragrafo 2 (g), della Convenzione.


Article 2 Articolo 2


1. 1. Each Party included in Annex I, in achieving its quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3, in order to promote sustainable development, shall: Ogni Parte inclusa nell'allegato I, nel realizzare i suoi quantificati di limitazione delle emissioni ed impegni di riduzione assunti a norma dell'articolo 3, al fine di promuovere lo sviluppo sostenibile, sono:



(a) Implement and/or further elaborate policies and measures in accordance with its national circumstances, such as: Attuare (a), e / o di elaborare ulteriormente le politiche e le misure in conformità con la sua situazione nazionale, come:



(i) Enhancement of energy efficiency in relevant sectors of the national economy; (I), Miglioramento dell'efficienza energetica nei settori più rilevanti dell'economia nazionale;



(ii) Protection and enhancement of sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, taking into account its commitments under relevant international environmental agreements; promotion of sustainable forest management practices, afforestation and reforestation; (Ii) la protezione e la valorizzazione dei pozzi e serbatoi di gas a effetto serra non inclusi nel protocollo di Montreal, tenendo conto dei suoi impegni nel quadro pertinenti accordi internazionali in materia ambientale; La promozione di pratiche di gestione sostenibile del patrimonio forestale, di afforestazione e riforestazione;



(iii) Promotion of sustainable forms of agriculture in light of climate change considerations; (Iii) la promozione di forme di agricoltura sostenibile, alla luce delle considerazioni che il cambiamento climatico;



(iv) Research on, and promotion, development and increased use of, new and renewable forms of energy, of carbon dioxide sequestration technologies and of advanced and innovative environmentally sound technologies; (Ev) la ricerca, e la promozione, lo sviluppo e la maggiore utilizzazione di forme nuove e rinnovabili di energia, il sequestro di anidride carbonica e di tecnologie avanzate e innovative tecnologie ecologicamente corretta;



(v) Progressive reduction or phasing out of market imperfections, fiscal incentives, tax and duty exemptions and subsidies in all greenhouse gas emitting sectors that run counter to the objective of the Convention and application of market instruments; (V) le progressiva riduzione o la graduale eliminazione di imperfezioni del mercato, incentivi fiscali, esenzioni fiscali e dei dazi e sussidi in tutti i settori che emettono gas a effetto serra, che sono in contraddizione con l'obiettivo della convenzione e l'applicazione di strumenti di mercato;



(vi) Encouragement of appropriate reforms in relevant sectors aimed at promoting policies and measures which limit or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol; (Vi), l'incoraggiamento di adeguate riforme nei settori pertinenti volti a promuovere le politiche e le misure che limitano o ridurre le emissioni di gas a effetto serra non inclusi nel protocollo di Montreal;



(vii) Measures to limit and/or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol in the transport sector; (Vii), misure volte a limitare e / o ridurre le emissioni di gas a effetto serra non inclusi nel protocollo di Montreal nel settore dei trasporti;



(viii) Limitation and/or reduction of methane emissions through recovery and use in waste management, as well as in the production, transport and distribution of energy; Limitazione (viii), e / o la riduzione di emissioni di metano attraverso il recupero e l'uso nella gestione dei rifiuti, nonché nel settore della produzione, trasporto e distribuzione di energia;



(b) Cooperate with other such Parties to enhance the individual and combined effectiveness of their policies and measures adopted under this Article, pursuant to Article 4, paragraph 2(e)(i), of the Convention. (B), collaborare con le altre parti per migliorare tali individuale e combinato efficacia delle loro politiche e le misure adottate ai sensi del presente articolo, a norma dell'articolo 4, paragrafo 2 (e), (i), della Convenzione. To this end, these Parties shall take steps to share their experience and exchange information on such policies and measures, including developing ways of improving their comparability, transparency and effectiveness. A tal fine, le Parti adottano misure per condividere le loro esperienze e scambiare informazioni su tali politiche e misure, ivi compreso lo sviluppo di modi per migliorare la loro comparabilità, la trasparenza e di efficacia. The Conference of the La Conferenza delle

Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session or as soon as practicable thereafter, consider ways to facilitate such cooperation, taking into account all relevant information. Parti nella sua funzione di riunione delle Parti del presente Protocollo, in occasione della sua prima sessione, o non appena possibile, successivamente, esaminare i mezzi per facilitare tale cooperazione, tenendo conto di tutte le informazioni pertinenti.



2. 2. The Parties included in Annex I shall pursue limitation or reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol from aviation and marine bunker fuels, working through the International Civil Aviation Organization and the International Maritime Organization, respectively. Le Parti incluse nell'allegato I devono perseguire la limitazione o la riduzione delle emissioni di gas a effetto serra non inclusi nel protocollo di Montreal da aviazione e la marina bunker di combustibili, di lavoro attraverso l'Organizzazione internazionale dell'aviazione civile e l'Organizzazione marittima internazionale, rispettivamente.



3. 3. The Parties included in Annex I shall strive to implement policies and measures under this Article in such a way as to minimize adverse effects, including the adverse effects of climate change, effects on international trade, and social, environmental and economic impacts on other Parties, especially developing country Parties and in particular those identified in Article 4, paragraphs 8 and 9, of the Convention, taking into account Article 3 of the Convention. Le Parti incluse nell'allegato I si adoperano per attuare le politiche e le misure previste dal presente articolo, in modo da ridurre al minimo gli effetti negativi, inclusi gli effetti avversi del cambiamento climatico, gli effetti sul commercio internazionale, e sociali, ambientali e di impatti economici sulle altre Parti, Soprattutto paesi in via di sviluppo Parti, in particolare quelle di cui all'articolo 4, paragrafi 8 e 9, della Convenzione, tenendo conto dell'articolo 3 della Convenzione. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol may take further action, as appropriate, to promote the implementation of the provisions of this paragraph. La Conferenza delle Parti nella sua funzione di riunione delle Parti del presente Protocollo possono prendere ulteriori provvedimenti, se del caso, a promuovere l'attuazione delle disposizioni del presente paragrafo.



4. 4. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, if it decides that it would be beneficial to coordinate any of the policies and measures in La Conferenza delle Parti nella sua funzione di riunione delle Parti del presente protocollo, se si decide che sarebbe utile per il coordinamento di tutte le politiche e le misure in

paragraph 1(a) above, taking into account different national circumstances and potential effects, shall consider ways and means to elaborate the coordination of such policies and measures. Paragrafo 1 (a) di cui sopra, tenendo conto delle diverse circostanze nazionali e potenziali effetti, esamina i modi ei mezzi per elaborare il coordinamento di tali politiche e misure.


Article 3 Articolo 3


1. 1. The Parties included in Annex I shall, individually or jointly, ensure that their aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A do not exceed their assigned amounts, calculated pursuant to their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments inscribed in Annex B and in accordance with the provisions of this Article, with a view to reducing their overall emissions of such gases by at least 5 per cent below 1990 levels in the commitment period 2008 to 2012. Le Parti incluse nell'allegato I sono, individualmente o congiuntamente, assicurare che le loro aggregato antropiche di biossido di carbonio equivalente delle emissioni di gas a effetto serra elencate nell'allegato A non superino i loro importi assegnati, calcolato ai sensi del loro quantificati di limitazione delle emissioni ed impegni di riduzione assunti iscritto nell'elenco di cui all'allegato B E in conformità con le disposizioni del presente articolo, al fine di ridurre le loro emissioni complessive di tali gas di almeno il 5% rispetto ai livelli del 1990 nel periodo di impegno 2008 al 2012.



2. 2. Each Party included in Annex I shall, by 2005, have made demonstrable progress in achieving its commitments under this Protocol. Ciascuna delle parti incluse nell'allegato I, entro il 2005, che abbiano compiuto progressi nel realizzare i suoi impegni ai sensi del presente Protocollo.



3. 3. The net changes in greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks resulting from direct human-induced land-use change and forestry activities, limited to afforestation, reforestation and deforestation since 1990, measured as verifiable changes in carbon stocks in each commitment period, shall be used to meet the commitments under this Article of each Party included in Annex I. The greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks associated with those activities shall be reported in a transparent and verifiable manner and reviewed in accordance with Articles 7 and 8. La variazione netta delle emissioni di gas serra da fonti e le eliminazioni tramite pozzi risultanti da umano diretto indotta cambiamento di uso del territorio e le attività forestali, limitata a imboschimento, la riforestazione e la deforestazione dal 1990, misurata come verificabili cambiamenti in stock di carbonio in ciascun periodo di impegno, Essere utilizzata per soddisfare gli impegni a norma del presente articolo, ciascuna Parte incluse nell'allegato I. Le emissioni di gas serra da fonti e le eliminazioni tramite pozzi associati a tali attività devono essere riportati in modo trasparente e verificabile e rivisto in conformità con gli articoli 7 e 8.



4. 4. Prior to the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, each Party included in Annex I shall provide, for consideration by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, data to establish its level of carbon stocks in 1990 and to enable an estimate to be made of its changes in carbon stocks in subsequent years. Precedentemente alla prima sessione della Conferenza delle Parti nella sua funzione di riunione delle Parti del presente Protocollo, ogni Parte inclusa nell'allegato I dovrà fornire, a titolo oneroso da sussidiari per il Corpo Consulenza Scientifica e Tecnologica, di dati per stabilire il suo livello di carbonio Scorte nel 1990 e per consentire una stima per il suo essere fatto delle modifiche stock di carbonio negli anni successivi. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session or as soon as practicable thereafter, decide upon modalities, rules and guidelines as to how, and which, additional human-induced activities related to changes in greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks in the agricultural soils and the land-use change and forestry categories shall be added to, or subtracted from, the assigned amounts for Parties included in Annex I, taking into account uncertainties, transparency in reporting, verifiability, the methodological work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the advice provided by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice in accordance with Article 5 and the decisions of the Conference of the Parties. La Conferenza delle Parti nella sua funzione di riunione delle Parti del presente Protocollo, in occasione della sua prima sessione, o non appena possibile, successivamente, decidere in merito a modalità, norme e linee guida su come, e che, indotta da altre attività umane connesse ai cambiamenti Nelle emissioni di gas serra da fonti e le eliminazioni tramite pozzi in terreni agricoli e il cambiamento di uso del territorio e silvicoltura categorie vengono aggiunti a, o sottratti da, per gli importi assegnati Parti incluse nell'allegato I, tenendo conto delle incertezze, la trasparenza nei rapporti , Verificabilità, del lavoro metodologico del gruppo intergovernativo sui cambiamenti climatici, la consulenza fornita da sussidiari per il Corpo di consulenza scientifica e tecnologica in conformità con l'articolo 5, e le decisioni della Conferenza delle Parti. Such a decision shall apply in the second and subsequent commitment periods. Tale decisione si applica nel secondo e successivi periodi di impegno. A Party may choose to apply such a decision on these additional human-induced activities for its first commitment period, provided that these activities have taken place since 1990. Una Parte può scegliere di applicare una tale decisione su queste altre attività umane indotta per il primo periodo di impegno, a condizione che queste attività hanno avuto luogo dal 1990.



5. 5. The Parties included in Annex I undergoing the process of transition to a market economy whose base year or period was established pursuant to decision 9/CP.2 of the Conference of the Parties at its second session shall use that base year or period for the implementation of their commitments under this Article. Le Parti incluse nell'allegato I del processo di transizione verso un'economia di mercato la cui base anno o periodo di riferimento è stato istituito ai sensi della decisione 9/CP.2 della Conferenza delle Parti in occasione della sua seconda sessione, che si avvale di base anno o periodo di riferimento per l'attuazione Dei loro impegni ai sensi del presente articolo. Any other Party included in Annex I undergoing the process of transition to a market economy which has not yet submitted its first national communication under Article 12 of the Convention may also notify the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol that it intends to use an historical base year or period other than 1990 for the implementation of its commitments under this Article. Qualsiasi altra parte inclusa nell'allegato I del processo di transizione verso un'economia di mercato che non ha ancora presentato la sua prima comunicazione nazionale ai sensi dell'articolo 12 della Convenzione possono altresì comunicare alla Conferenza delle Parti nella sua funzione di riunione delle Parti del presente Protocollo, che Intende avvalersi di un anno di base o storico periodo diverso da quello del 1990 per l'attuazione dei propri impegni ai sensi del presente articolo. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall decide on the acceptance of such notification. La Conferenza delle Parti nella sua funzione di riunione delle Parti del presente Protocollo decide in merito all'accettazione di tale notifica.



6. 6. Taking into account Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Convention, in the implementation of their commitments under this Protocol other than those under this Article, a certain degree of flexibility shall be allowed by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol to the Parties included in Annex I undergoing the process of transition to a market economy. Tenendo conto dell'articolo 4, paragrafo 6, della Convenzione, in sede di attuazione dei loro impegni ai sensi del presente protocollo diverse da quelle previste dal presente articolo, un certo grado di flessibilità deve essere consentito dalla Conferenza delle Parti nella sua funzione di riunione delle Parti Al presente protocollo alle Parti incluse nell'allegato I del processo di transizione verso un'economia di mercato.



7. 7. In the first quantified emission limitation and reduction commitment period, from In primo quantificati di limitazione e riduzione delle emissioni periodo di impegno, da

2008 to 2012, the assigned amount for each Party included in Annex I shall be equal to the percentage inscribed for it in Annex B of its aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A in 1990, or the base year or period determined in accordance with paragraph 5 above, multiplied by five. 2008 al 2012, l'importo assegnato per ciascuna parte inclusa nell'allegato I sarà uguale alla percentuale di iscritti per esso nell'allegato B del suo aggregato antropiche di biossido di carbonio equivalente delle emissioni di gas a effetto serra elencate nell'allegato A, nel 1990, ovvero l'anno di base o Periodo determinato ai sensi del paragrafo 5 di cui sopra, moltiplicato per cinque. Those Parties included in Annex I for whom land-use change and forestry constituted a net source of greenhouse gas emissions in 1990 shall include in their 1990 emissions base year or period the aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions by sources minus removals by sinks in 1990 from land-use change for the purposes of calculating their assigned amount. Coloro Parti incluse nell'allegato I, per i quali l'uso del territorio e dalla silvicoltura costituito una fonte netta di emissioni di gas serra nel 1990 deve comprendere nel loro emissioni del 1990 anno di base o di origine antropica periodo totale delle emissioni di biossido di carbonio equivalente da fonti meno eliminazioni tramite pozzi nel 1990 da Cambiamento di uso del territorio, ai fini del calcolo del loro ammontare assegnato.



8. 8. Any Party included in Annex I may use 1995 as its base year for hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride, for the purposes of the calculation referred to in paragraph 7 above. Ogni Parte inclusa nell'allegato I possono utilizzare il 1995 come anno di riferimento per la sua idrofluorocarburi, perfluorocarburi e esafluoruro di zolfo, ai fini del calcolo di cui al paragrafo 7 di cui sopra.



9. 9. Commitments for subsequent periods for Parties included in Annex I shall be established in amendments to Annex B to this Protocol, which shall be adopted in accordance with the provisions of Article 21, paragraph 7. Impegni per periodi successivi per le Parti incluse nell'allegato I, sono stabilite le modifiche da apportare all'allegato B del presente protocollo, che saranno adottate in conformità con le disposizioni di cui all'articolo 21, paragrafo 7. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall initiate the consideration of such commitments at least seven years before the end of the first commitment period referred to in paragraph 1 above. La Conferenza delle Parti nella sua funzione di riunione delle Parti del presente protocollo si avvia la considerazione di tali impegni almeno sette anni prima della fine del primo periodo di impegno di cui al paragrafo 1 di cui sopra.



10. 10. Any emission reduction units, or any part of an assigned amount, which a Party acquires from another Party in accordance with the provisions of Article 6 or of Article 17 shall be added to the assigned amount for the acquiring Party. Ogni unità di riduzione delle emissioni, o di qualsiasi parte di un importo assegnato, che una Parte acquista da un'altra Parte in conformità con le disposizioni di cui all'articolo 6, o dell'articolo 17, devono essere aggiunti alle importo assegnato per l'acquisizione di parte.



11. 11. Any emission reduction units, or any part of an assigned amount, which a Party transfers to another Party in accordance with the provisions of Article 6 or of Article 17 shall be subtracted from the assigned amount for the transferring Party. Ogni unità di riduzione delle emissioni, o di qualsiasi parte di un importo assegnato, che una Parte trasferisce ad un'altra Parte in conformità con le disposizioni di cui all'articolo 6, o dell'articolo 17, deve essere sottratta dalla importo assegnato per il trasferimento di parte.



12. 12. Any certified emission reductions which a Party acquires from another Party in accordance with the provisions of Article 12 shall be added to the assigned amount for the acquiring Party. Eventuali riduzioni delle emissioni certificate che una Parte acquista da un'altra Parte in conformità con le disposizioni di cui all'articolo 12 devono essere aggiunti alle importo assegnato per l'acquisizione di parte.



13. 13. If the emissions of a Party included in Annex I in a commitment period are less than its assigned amount under this Article, this difference shall, on request of that Party, be added to the assigned amount for that Party for subsequent commitment periods. Se le emissioni di una parte inclusa nell'allegato I in un periodo di impegno sono meno del suo importo assegnato ai sensi del presente articolo, questa differenza è, su richiesta di tale Parte, va ad aggiungersi al importo assegnato per il partito che per i successivi periodi di impegno.



14. 14. Each Party included in Annex I shall strive to implement the commitments mentioned in paragraph 1 above in such a way as to minimize adverse social, environmental and economic impacts on developing country Parties, particularly those identified in Article 4, paragraphs 8 and 9, of the Convention. Ogni Parte inclusa nell'allegato I si sforzano di attuare gli impegni di cui al paragrafo 1 in modo tale da minimizzare avverse sociali, ambientali e di impatti economici sulle parti che sono paesi in via di sviluppo, in particolare quelli di cui all'articolo 4, paragrafi 8 e 9, del Convenzione. In line with relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties on the implementation of those paragraphs, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session, consider what actions are necessary to minimize the adverse effects of climate change and/or the impacts of response measures on Parties referred to in those paragraphs. In linea con le decisioni della Conferenza delle Parti sulla attuazione di tali paragrafi, la Conferenza delle Parti nella sua funzione di riunione delle Parti del presente Protocollo, in occasione della sua prima sessione, considerare quali siano le azioni necessarie per ridurre al minimo gli effetti negativi Dei cambiamenti climatici e / o l'impatto delle misure di risposta sulle parti citati in tali paragrafi. Among the issues to be considered shall be the establishment of funding, insurance and transfer of technology. Tra gli aspetti da esaminare deve essere la creazione di finanziamento, di assicurazione e di trasferimento di tecnologia.




Article 4 Articolo 4






1. 1. Any Parties included in Annex I that have reached an agreement to fulfil their commitments under Article 3 jointly, shall be deemed to have met those commitments provided that their total combined aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A do not exceed their assigned amounts calculated pursuant to their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments inscribed in Annex B and in accordance with the provisions of Article 3. Qualsiasi Parti incluse nell'allegato I, che hanno raggiunto un accordo per adempiere i loro impegni ai sensi dell'articolo 3, congiuntamente, devono dichiarare di aver incontrato quegli impegni a condizione che la loro totale aggregato congiunto antropiche di biossido di carbonio equivalente delle emissioni di gas a effetto serra elencate nell'allegato A non superino Loro assegnati importi calcolati a norma del loro quantificati di limitazione delle emissioni ed impegni di riduzione assunti iscritto nell'allegato B, e in conformità con le disposizioni di cui all'articolo 3. The respective emission level allocated to each of the Parties to the agreement shall be set out in that agreement. I rispettivi livelli di emissione assegnati a ciascuna delle parti della convenzione deve essere enunciato in tale accordo.



2. 2. The Parties to any such agreement shall notify the secretariat of the terms of the Le Parti di qualsiasi accordo di questo tipo ne informa il segretariato delle condizioni di

agreement on the date of deposit of their instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval of this Protocol, or accession thereto. Accordo sulla data di deposito dei rispettivi strumenti di ratifica, di accettazione o di approvazione del presente protocollo, o di adesione ad esso. The secretariat shall in turn inform the Parties and signatories to the Convention of the terms of the agreement. Il segretariato è a sua volta ne informa le parti e firmatari della Convenzione dei termini dell'accordo.



3. 3. Any such agreement shall remain in operation for the duration of the commitment period specified in Article 3, paragraph 7. Qualsiasi accordo di questo tipo deve restare in funzione per tutta la durata del periodo di impegno di cui all'articolo 3, paragrafo 7.



4. 4. If Parties acting jointly do so in the framework of, and together with, a regional Se le parti che agiscono congiuntamente farlo nel quadro, e insieme, a livello regionale

economic integration organization, any alteration in the composition of the organization after adoption of this Protocol shall not affect existing commitments under this Protocol. Organizzazione di integrazione economica, a qualsiasi modificazione nella composizione dell'organizzazione dopo l'adozione del presente protocollo non pregiudicano gli impegni esistenti nell'ambito di questo protocollo. Any alteration in the composition of the organization shall only apply for the purposes of those commitments under Article 3 that are adopted subsequent to that alteration. Qualsiasi modifica nella composizione dell'organizzazione, si applicano solo ai fini di tali impegni a norma dell'articolo 3, che siano adottati successivamente a tale alterazione.



5. 5. In the event of failure by the Parties to such an agreement to achieve their total In caso di mancato rispetto da parte delle Parti di un tale accordo per raggiungere i loro totale

combined level of emission reductions, each Party to that agreement shall be responsible for its own level of emissions set out in the agreement. Livello combinato delle riduzioni di emissioni, ogni Parte di un accordo che deve essere responsabile del proprio livello di emissioni stabilite nella convenzione.



6. 6. If Parties acting jointly do so in the framework of, and together with, a regional Se le parti che agiscono congiuntamente farlo nel quadro, e insieme, a livello regionale

economic integration organization which is itself a Party to this Protocol, each member State of that regional economic integration organization individually, and together with the regional economic integration organization acting in accordance with Article 24, shall, in the event of failure to achieve the total combined level of emission reductions, be responsible for its level of emissions as notified in accordance with this Article. Organizzazione di integrazione economica che è di per sé una parte del presente protocollo, ciascuno Stato membro di tale organizzazione di integrazione economica regionale individualmente, e insieme con l'organizzazione regionale di integrazione economica che agisce in conformità con l'articolo 24, stabilisce, in caso di mancato raggiungimento totale combinato Livello di riduzione delle emissioni, è responsabile per il suo livello di emissioni come notificato in conformità del presente articolo.





Article 5 Articolo 5





1. 1. Each Party included in Annex I shall have in place, no later than one year prior to the start of the first commitment period, a national system for the estimation of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol. Ogni Parte inclusa nell'allegato I devono avere in atto, non più tardi di un anno prima dell'inizio del primo periodo di impegno, di un sistema nazionale per la stima delle emissioni antropiche dalle fonti e delle eliminazioni tramite pozzi di tutti i gas a effetto serra non controllati da Montreal Protocollo. Guidelines for such national systems, which shall incorporate the methodologies specified in paragraph 2 below, shall be decided upon by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol at its first session. Linee guida per tali sistemi nazionali, che devono integrare le metodologie di cui al paragrafo 2 qui di seguito, deve essere deciso dalla Conferenza delle Parti nella sua funzione di riunione delle Parti del presente Protocollo nella sua prima sessione.



2. 2. Methodologies for estimating anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol shall be those accepted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties at its third session. Metodologie per la stima delle emissioni antropiche dalle fonti e delle eliminazioni tramite pozzi di tutti i gas a effetto serra non inclusi nel protocollo di Montreal sono quelle accettate dal gruppo intergovernativo sui cambiamenti climatici e concordato dalla Conferenza delle Parti in occasione della sua terza sessione. Where such methodologies are not used, appropriate adjustments shall be applied according to methodologies agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol at its first session. Laddove tali metodologie non vengano utilizzate, gli opportuni adeguamenti devono essere applicate secondo metodologie concordate dalla Conferenza delle Parti nella sua funzione di riunione delle Parti del presente Protocollo nella sua prima sessione. Based on the work of, inter alia , the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and advice provided by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall regularly review and, as appropriate, revise such methodologies and adjustments, taking fully into account any relevant decisions by the Conference of the Parties. Sulla base del lavoro, tra l'altro, il gruppo di esperti intergovernativo sui cambiamenti climatici e la consulenza fornite dal Corpo sussidiari per Consulenza Scientifica e Tecnologica, la Conferenza delle Parti nella sua funzione di riunione delle Parti del presente Protocollo esamina regolarmente e, se del caso , Rivedere tali metodologie e adattamenti, tenendo pienamente conto delle pertinenti decisioni della Conferenza delle Parti. Any revision to methodologies or adjustments shall be used only for the purposes of ascertaining compliance with commitments under Article 3 in respect of any commitment period adopted subsequent to that revision. Qualsiasi revisione di metodologie o adeguamenti deve essere utilizzato solo per fini di accertare il rispetto degli impegni di cui all'articolo 3, nel rispetto di ogni periodo di impegno adottata successivamente a tale revisione.



3. 3. The global warming potentials used to calculate the carbon dioxide equivalence of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases listed in Annex A shall be those accepted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties at its third session. Il potenziale di riscaldamento globale utilizzati per calcolare l'equivalenza di anidride carbonica delle emissioni antropiche dalle fonti e delle eliminazioni tramite pozzi di gas ad effetto serra elencati nell'allegato A sono quelli accettati dal gruppo intergovernativo sui cambiamenti climatici e concordato dalla Conferenza delle Parti alla sua terza Sessione. Based on the work of, inter alia , the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and advice provided by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall regularly review and, as appropriate, revise the global warming potential of each such greenhouse gas, taking fully into account any relevant decisions by the Conference of the Parties. Sulla base del lavoro, tra l'altro, il gruppo di esperti intergovernativo sui cambiamenti climatici e la consulenza fornite dal Corpo sussidiari per Consulenza Scientifica e Tecnologica, la Conferenza delle Parti nella sua funzione di riunione delle Parti del presente Protocollo esamina regolarmente e, se del caso , Rivedere il potenziale di riscaldamento globale di ciascuno di tali gas ad effetto serra, tenendo pienamente conto delle pertinenti decisioni della Conferenza delle Parti. Any revision to a global warming potential shall apply only to commitments under Article 3 in respect of any commitment period adopted subsequent to that revision. Qualsiasi revisione di un potenziale di riscaldamento globale è applicabile solo agli impegni di cui all'articolo 3, nel rispetto di ogni periodo di impegno adottata successivamente a tale revisione.




Article 6 Articolo 6






1. 1. For the purpose of meeting its commitments under Article 3, any Party included in Ai fini del conseguimento dei suoi impegni a norma dell'articolo 3, ogni Parte inclusa nel

Annex I may transfer to, or acquire from, any other such Party emission reduction units resulting from projects aimed at reducing anthropogenic emissions by sources or enhancing anthropogenic removals by sinks of greenhouse gases in any sector of the economy, provided that: L'allegato I può trasferire a, o acquistare da, ogni altra parte tali unità di riduzione delle emissioni derivanti da progetti volti a ridurre le emissioni antropiche da fonti antropiche o migliorare le eliminazioni tramite pozzi, dei gas ad effetto serra in ogni settore dell'economia, a condizione che:



(a) Any such project has the approval of the Parties involved; (A) Qualsiasi tale progetto ha l'approvazione delle Parti coinvolte;



(b) Any such project provides a reduction in emissions by sources, or an enhancement of removals by sinks, that is additional to any that would otherwise occur; (B) Qualsiasi tale progetto prevede una riduzione delle emissioni da fonti, o di un potenziamento delle eliminazioni tramite pozzi, che si aggiungono a quelle che sarebbero altrimenti verificarsi;



(c) It does not acquire any emission reduction units if it is not in compliance with its obligations under Articles 5 and 7; and (C) non acquisisce alcuna unità di riduzione delle emissioni, se non è in conformità con i suoi obblighi di cui agli articoli 5 e 7; E



(d) The acquisition of emission reduction units shall be supplemental to domestic actions for the purposes of meeting commitments under Article 3. (D) L'acquisto di unità di riduzione delle emissioni devono essere supplementari rispetto agli interventi interni ai fini della riunione impegni a norma dell'articolo 3.



2. 2. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol may, at its first session or as soon as practicable thereafter, further elaborate guidelines for the implementation of this Article, including for verification and reporting. La Conferenza delle Parti nella sua funzione di riunione delle Parti del presente Protocollo possono, in occasione della sua prima sessione, o non appena possibile, successivamente, ulteriormente elaborato linee guida per l'attuazione del presente articolo, anche per la verifica e la rendicontazione.



3. 3. A Party included in Annex I may authorize legal entities to participate, under its responsibility, in actions leading to the generation, transfer or acquisition under this Article of emission reduction units. Una Parte inclusa nell'allegato I può autorizzare persone giuridiche a partecipare, sotto la sua responsabilità, in azioni che portino alla generazione, il trasferimento o l'acquisizione norma del presente articolo, di unità di riduzione delle emissioni.



4. 4. If a question of implementation by a Party included in Annex I of the requirements referred to in this Article is identified in accordance with the relevant provisions of Se una questione di attuazione, da una parte inclusi nell'allegato I, i requisiti di cui al presente articolo è identificato in conformità con le pertinenti disposizioni del

Article 8, transfers and acquisitions of emission reduction units may continue to be made after the question has been identified, provided that any such units may not be used by a Party to meet its commitments under Article 3 until any issue of compliance is resolved. L'articolo 8, i trasferimenti e le acquisizioni di unità di riduzione delle emissioni possono continuare ad essere effettuati dopo la questione è stata identificata, a condizione che tali unità non possono essere utilizzati da una parte per soddisfare i loro impegni di cui all'articolo 3 fino a qualsiasi problema di conformità è risolto.





Article 7 Articolo 7





1. 1. Each Party included in Annex I shall incorporate in its annual inventory of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, submitted in accordance with the relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties, the necessary supplementary information for the purposes of ensuring compliance with Article 3, to be determined in accordance with paragraph 4 below. Ogni Parte inclusa nell'allegato I devono includere nella sua relazione annuale inventario delle emissioni antropiche dalle fonti e delle eliminazioni tramite pozzi di gas ad effetto serra non inclusi nel protocollo di Montreal, presentato in conformità con le pertinenti decisioni della Conferenza delle Parti, le informazioni supplementari necessarie per Allo scopo di garantire il rispetto dell'articolo 3, deve essere determinato in conformità del paragrafo 4 qui di seguito.



2. 2. Each Party included in Annex I shall incorporate in its national communication, submitted under Article 12 of the Convention, the supplementary information necessary to demonstrate compliance with its commitments under this Protocol, to be determined in accordance with paragraph 4 below. Ogni Parte inclusa nell'allegato I devono includere nella sua comunicazione nazionale, presentata ai sensi dell'articolo 12 della Convenzione, le informazioni supplementari necessarie per dimostrare la conformità con gli impegni assunti in virtù del presente protocollo, che sarà determinato in conformità del paragrafo 4 qui di seguito.



3. 3. Each Party included in Annex I shall submit the information required under Ogni Parte inclusa nell'allegato I presenta le informazioni richieste a norma

paragraph 1 above annually, beginning with the first inventory due under the Convention for the first year of the commitment period after this Protocol has entered into force for that Party. Each such Party shall submit the information required under paragraph 2 above as part of the first national communication due under the Convention after this Protocol has entered into force for it and after the adoption of guidelines as provided for in paragraph 4 below. Paragrafo 1 di cui sopra ogni anno, a partire dal primo inventario dovuti ai sensi della convenzione per il primo anno del periodo di impegno dopo il presente protocollo è entrato in vigore per tale Parte. Ciascun partito presenta le informazioni richieste a norma del paragrafo 2 di cui sopra come parte del primo Nazionale di comunicazione dovute ai sensi della Convenzione, dopo il presente protocollo è entrato in vigore per essa e dopo l'adozione di orientamenti, come previsto nel paragrafo 4 qui di seguito. The frequency of subsequent submission of information required under this Article shall be determined by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, taking into account any timetable for the submission of national communications decided upon by the Conference of the Parties. La frequenza delle successive presentazione delle informazioni richieste a norma del presente articolo sono stabilite dalla Conferenza delle Parti nella sua funzione di riunione delle Parti del presente Protocollo, tenendo conto di eventuali scadenze per la presentazione delle comunicazioni nazionali, deciso dalla Conferenza delle Parti .



4. 4. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall adopt at its first session, and review periodically thereafter, guidelines for the preparation of the information required under this Article, taking into account guidelines for the preparation of national communications by Parties included in Annex I adopted by the Conference of the Parties. La Conferenza delle Parti nella sua funzione di riunione delle Parti del presente Protocollo adotta occasione della sua prima sessione, e di revisione, periodicamente, le linee guida per la preparazione delle informazioni richieste a norma del presente articolo, tenendo conto degli orientamenti per la preparazione delle comunicazioni nazionali Parti incluse nell'allegato I adottate dalla Conferenza delle Parti. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall also, prior to the first commitment period, decide upon modalities for the accounting of assigned amounts. La Conferenza delle Parti nella sua funzione di riunione delle Parti del presente protocollo sono anche, prima di effettuare il primo periodo di impegno, decide le modalità per il computo degli importi assegnati.





Article 8 Articolo 8





1. 1. The information submitted under Article 7 by each Party included in Annex I shall be reviewed by expert review teams pursuant to the relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties and in accordance with guidelines adopted for this purpose by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol under paragraph 4 below. Le informazioni presentate ai sensi dell'articolo 7 da ciascuna Parte inclusa nell'allegato I vengono riveduti dal team di esperti di revisione, ai sensi delle pertinenti decisioni della Conferenza delle Parti ed in conformità delle linee direttrici adottate a tale scopo dalla Conferenza delle Parti nella sua funzione di riunione Delle Parti del presente protocollo a norma del paragrafo 4 qui di seguito. The information submitted under Article 7, paragraph 1, by each Party included in Annex I shall be reviewed as part of the annual compilation and accounting of emissions inventories and assigned amounts. Le informazioni presentate ai sensi dell'articolo 7, paragrafo 1, da ciascuna Parte inclusa nell'allegato I devono essere riviste, come parte della compilazione annuale e la contabilità degli inventari delle emissioni e gli importi assegnati. Additionally, the information submitted under Article 7, paragraph 2, by each Party included in Annex I shall be reviewed as part of the review of communications. Inoltre, le informazioni presentate ai sensi dell'articolo 7, paragrafo 2, da ciascuna Parte inclusa nell'allegato I viene riesaminato nel quadro della revisione delle comunicazioni.



2. 2. Expert review teams shall be coordinated by the secretariat and shall be composed of experts selected from those nominated by Parties to the Convention and, as appropriate, by intergovernmental organizations, in accordance with guidance provided for this purpose by the Conference of the Parties. Revisione squadre di esperti sono coordinati dal Segretariato e si compone di esperti selezionati da quelli nominati dalle Parti della Convenzione e, a seconda dei casi, da organizzazioni intergovernative, conformemente alle indicazioni fornite a tal fine, dalla Conferenza delle Parti.



3. 3. The review process shall provide a thorough and comprehensive technical assessment Il processo di revisione deve fornire una completa e approfondita valutazione tecnica

of all aspects of the implementation by a Party of this Protocol. Di tutti gli aspetti dell'attuazione da una Parte del presente protocollo. The expert review teams shall prepare a report to the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol , assessing the implementation of the commitments of the Party and identifying any potential problems in, and factors influencing, the fulfilment of commitments. Il team di esperti di revisione redige una relazione alla Conferenza delle Parti nella sua funzione di riunione delle Parti del presente Protocollo, di valutare l'attuazione degli impegni del partito e di individuare gli eventuali problemi, e di fattori che influenzano, il rispetto degli impegni. Such reports shall be circulated by the secretariat to all Parties to the Convention. Tali relazioni devono essere distribuito dal Segretariato a tutte le Parti della Convenzione. The secretariat shall list those questions of implementation indicated in such reports for further consideration by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. Il segretariato comprende le domande di attuazione indicati in tali rapporti per un ulteriore esame da parte della Conferenza delle Parti nella sua funzione di riunione delle Parti del presente Protocollo.



4. 4. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall adopt at its first session, and review periodically thereafter, guidelines for the review of implementation of this Protocol by expert review teams taking into account the relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties. La Conferenza delle Parti nella sua funzione di riunione delle Parti del presente Protocollo adotta occasione della sua prima sessione, e di revisione, periodicamente, le linee guida per la revisione di attuazione del presente protocollo da squadre di esperti di revisione, tenendo conto delle pertinenti decisioni della Conferenza dei Parti.



5. 5. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, with the assistance of the Subsidiary Body for Implementation and, as appropriate, the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, consider: La Conferenza delle Parti nella sua funzione di riunione delle Parti del presente Protocollo, con l'assistenza del Corpo sussidiari per Attuazione e, se del caso, il Corpo sussidiari per Consulenza Scientifica e Tecnologica, in considerazione:



(a) The information submitted by Parties under Article 7 and the reports of the expert reviews thereon conducted under this Article; and (A) Le informazioni presentate dalle parti ai sensi dell'articolo 7, e le relazioni degli esperti giudizi di essa svolte ai sensi del presente articolo; E



(b) Those questions of implementation listed by the secretariat under (B), Le questioni di attuazione elencati dal segretariato sotto

paragraph 3 above, as well as any questions raised by Parties. Paragrafo 3 di cui sopra, come pure tutte le questioni sollevate dalla parti.



6. 6. Pursuant to its consideration of the information referred to in paragraph 5 above, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall take decisions on any matter required for the implementation of this Protocol. Conformemente al suo esame delle informazioni di cui al precedente punto 5, la Conferenza delle Parti nella sua funzione di riunione delle Parti del presente Protocollo prendono decisioni su qualsiasi questione necessaria per l'attuazione del presente protocollo.





Article 9 Articolo 9





1. 1. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall periodically review this Protocol in the light of the best available scientific information and assessments on climate change and its impacts, as well as relevant technical, social and economic information. La Conferenza delle Parti nella sua funzione di riunione delle Parti del presente Protocollo procede periodicamente al riesame del presente protocollo alla luce delle migliori informazioni scientifiche disponibili e alle valutazioni sul cambiamento climatico e le sue ripercussioni, nonché le tecniche, sociali ed economiche. Such reviews shall be coordinated with pertinent reviews under the Convention, in particular those required by Article 4, paragraph 2(d), and Article 7, Tali revisioni devono essere coordinate con le pertinenti recensioni ai sensi della Convenzione, in particolare quelli di cui all'articolo 4, paragrafo 2 (d), e all'articolo 7,

paragraph 2(a), of the Convention. Paragrafo 2 (a), della Convenzione. Based on these reviews, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall take appropriate action. Sulla base di questi giudizi, la Conferenza delle Parti nella sua funzione di riunione delle Parti del presente Protocollo adotta le misure del caso.



2. 2. The first review shall take place at the second session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. Il primo riesame avrà luogo in occasione della seconda sessione della Conferenza delle Parti nella sua funzione di riunione delle Parti del presente Protocollo. Further reviews shall take place at regular intervals and in a timely manner. Ulteriori giudizi si svolgono a intervalli regolari e in modo tempestivo.





Article 10 Articolo 10





All Parties, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and Tutte le Parti, tenendo conto delle loro responsabilità comuni ma differenziate e

their specific national and regional development priorities, objectives and circumstances, without introducing any new commitments for Parties not included in Annex I, but reaffirming existing commitments under Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention, and continuing to advance the implementation of these commitments in order to achieve sustainable development, taking into account Article 4, paragraphs 3, 5 and 7, of the Convention, shall: Delle specificità nazionali e regionali di sviluppo le priorità, gli obiettivi e le circostanze, senza introdurre eventuali nuovi impegni per le Parti non incluse nell'allegato I, ma ribadendo gli impegni esistenti di cui all'articolo 4, paragrafo 1, della Convenzione, e di continuare a promuovere l'attuazione di tali impegni in Per il raggiungimento di uno sviluppo sostenibile, tenendo conto dell'articolo 4, paragrafi 3, 5 e 7, della Convenzione, deve:





(a) Formulate, where relevant and to the extent possible, cost-effective national (A), Formulare, se del caso e nella misura del possibile, economicamente efficiente nazionale

and, where appropriate, regional programmes to improve the quality of local emission factors, activity data and/or models which reflect the socio-economic conditions of each Party for the preparation and periodic updating of national inventories of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, using comparable methodologies to be agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties, and consistent with the guidelines for the preparation of national communications adopted by the Conference of the Parties; E, se del caso, i programmi regionali per migliorare la qualità dei fattori di emissione locali, l'attività di dati e / o modelli, che riflettono le condizioni socioeconomiche di ciascun partito per la preparazione e di aggiornamento periodico gli inventari nazionali delle emissioni di origine antropica dalle fonti e le eliminazioni tramite pozzi Di tutti i gas a effetto serra non inclusi nel protocollo di Montreal, applicando metodologie comparabili che devono essere accettate dalla Conferenza delle Parti, e coerente con le linee guida per la preparazione delle comunicazioni nazionali adottate dalla Conferenza delle Parti;



(b) Formulate, implement, publish and regularly update national and, where appropriate, regional programmes containing measures to mitigate climate change and measures to facilitate adequate adaptation to climate change: (B), Formulare, attuare, pubblicare e aggiornare regolarmente i programmi nazionali e, se del caso, i programmi regionali contenenti misure per mitigare i cambiamenti climatici e le misure adeguate per agevolare l'adattamento al cambiamento climatico:



(i) Such programmes would, inter alia , concern the energy, transport and industry sectors as well as agriculture, forestry and waste management. (I), Tali programmi, tra l'altro, riguardano l'energia, i trasporti e il settore industriale, nonché i settori agricolo, forestale e di gestione dei rifiuti. Furthermore, adaptation technologies and methods for improving spatial planning would improve adaptation to climate change; and Inoltre, l'adattamento di tecnologie e metodi per migliorare la pianificazione del territorio a migliorare l'adattamento ai cambiamenti climatici; E



(ii) Parties included in Annex I shall submit information on action under this Protocol, including national programmes, in accordance with Article 7; and other Parties shall seek to include in their national communications, as appropriate, information on programmes which contain measures that the Party believes contribute to addressing climate change and its adverse impacts, including the abatement of increases in greenhouse gas emissions, and enhancement of and removals by sinks, capacity building and adaptation measures; (Ii) le Parti incluse nell'allegato I presenta informazioni sulle azioni intraprese nell'ambito del presente protocollo, compresi i programmi nazionali, in conformità con l'articolo 7; E di altre Parti cercheranno di includere nelle loro comunicazioni nazionali, se del caso, informazioni sui programmi che contengono le misure che la Parte ritiene contribuire ad affrontare il cambiamento climatico ei suoi effetti negativi, compresa la riduzione degli aumenti delle emissioni di gas serra, e la valorizzazione del e le eliminazioni tramite pozzi, il rafforzamento delle capacità e di misure di adattamento;



(c) Cooperate in the promotion of effective modalities for the development, application and diffusion of, and take all practicable steps to promote, facilitate and finance, as appropriate, the transfer of, or access to, environmentally sound technologies, know-how, practices and processes pertinent to climate change, in particular to developing countries, including the formulation of policies and programmes for the effective transfer of (C), Cooperare nella promozione di modalità efficaci per lo sviluppo, l'applicazione e la diffusione di, e di adottare tutte le misure volte a promuovere, agevolare e finanziare, se del caso, il trasferimento di, o accesso, ecologicamente tecnologie, il know-how, Pratiche e processi pertinenti al cambiamento climatico, in particolare per i paesi in via di sviluppo, compresa la formulazione di politiche e programmi per l'efficace trasferimento di

environmentally sound technologies that are publicly owned or in the public domain and the creation of an enabling environment for the private sector, to promote and enhance the transfer of, and access to, environmentally sound technologies; Ecocompatibile tecnologie che sono di proprietà pubblica o di pubblico dominio e la creazione di un ambiente favorevole per il settore privato, per promuovere e rafforzare il trasferimento di el'accesso a tecnologie ecologicamente corretta;



(d) Cooperate in scientific and technical research and promote the maintenance and the development of systematic observation systems and development of data archives to reduce uncertainties related to the climate system, the adverse impacts of climate change and the economic and social consequences of various response strategies, and promote the development and strengthening of endogenous capacities and capabilities to participate in international and intergovernmental efforts, programmes and networks on research and systematic observation, taking into account Article 5 of the Convention; (D), Cooperare nella ricerca scientifica e tecnica e promuovere il mantenimento e lo sviluppo di sistemi di osservazione sistematica e lo sviluppo di archivi di dati per ridurre le incertezze relative al sistema climatico, gli effetti avversi del cambiamento climatico e le conseguenze economiche e sociali delle diverse strategie di risposta , E promuovere lo sviluppo e il rafforzamento delle capacità endogene e delle capacità di partecipare a iniziative internazionali e intergovernative, i programmi e le reti per la ricerca e l'osservazione sistematica, tenendo conto dell'articolo 5 della Convenzione;









(e) Cooperate in and promote at the international level, and, where appropriate, (E), Cooperare e nel promuovere, a livello internazionale, e, se del caso,

using existing bodies, the development and implementation of education and training programmes, including the strengthening of national capacity building, in particular human and institutional capacities and the exchange or secondment of personnel to train experts in this field, in particular for developing countries, and facilitate at the national level public awareness of, and public access to information on, climate change. Utilizzando organismi esistenti, lo sviluppo e l'attuazione di programmi di istruzione e formazione, compreso il rafforzamento della capacità di costruzione nazionale, in particolare umane e le capacità istituzionali e di scambio o di distacco di personale per formare esperti in questo campo, in particolare per i paesi in via di sviluppo, e di facilitare A livello nazionale di sensibilizzazione del pubblico, e l'accesso del pubblico alle informazioni relative, il cambiamento climatico. Suitable modalities should be developed to implement these activities through the relevant bodies of the Convention, taking into account Article 6 of the Convention; Adatto modalità dovrebbero essere sviluppate per attuare tali attività attraverso i competenti organi della Convenzione, tenendo conto dell'articolo 6 della Convenzione;



(f) Include in their national communications information on programmes and activities undertaken pursuant to this Article in accordance with relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties; and



(g) Give full consideration, in implementing the commitments under this Article, to Article 4, paragraph 8, of the Convention.





Article 11





1. In the implementation of Article 10, Parties shall take into account the provisions of Article 4, paragraphs 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9, of the Convention.



2. In the context of the implementation of Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention, in accordance with the provisions of Article 4, paragraph 3, and Article 11 of the Convention, and through the entity or entities entrusted with the operation of the financial mechanism of the Convention, the developed country Parties and other developed Parties included in Annex II to the Convention shall: In the context of the implementation of Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention, in accordance with the provisions of Article 4, paragraph 3, and Article 11 of the Convention, and through the entity or entities entrusted with the operation of the financial mechanism of the Convention, the developed country Parties and other developed Parties included in Annex II to the Convention shall:



(a) Provide new and additional financial resources to meet the agreed full costs incurred by developing country Parties in advancing the implementation of existing commitments under Article 4, paragraph 1(a), of the Convention that are covered in

Article 10, subparagraph (a); and



(b) Also provide such financial resources, including for the transfer of technology, needed by the developing country Parties to meet the agreed full incremental costs of advancing the implementation of existing commitments under Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention that are covered by Article 10 and that are agreed between a developing country Party and the international entity or entities referred to in Article 11 of the Convention, in accordance with that Article. (b) Also provide such financial resources, including for the transfer of technology, needed by the developing country Parties to meet the agreed full incremental costs of advancing the implementation of existing commitments under Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention that are covered by Article 10 and that are agreed between a developing country Party and the international entity or entities referred to in Article 11 of the Convention, in accordance with that Article.



The implementation of these existing commitments shall take into account the need for adequacy and predictability in the flow of funds and the importance of appropriate burden sharing among developed country Parties. The guidance to the entity or entities entrusted with the operation of the financial mechanism of the Convention in relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties, including those agreed before the adoption of this Protocol, shall apply mutatis mutandis to the provisions of this paragraph.





3. The developed country Parties and other developed Parties in Annex II to the

Convention may also provide, and developing country Parties avail themselves of, financial resources for the implementation of Article 10, through bilateral, regional and other multilateral channels.





Article 12





1. A clean development mechanism is hereby defined.



2. The purpose of the clean development mechanism shall be to assist Parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable development and in contributing to the ultimate objective of the Convention, and to assist Parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3. The purpose of the clean development mechanism shall be to assist Parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable development and in contributing to the ultimate objective of the Convention, and to assist Parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3.



3. Under the clean development mechanism:



(a) Parties not included in Annex I will benefit from project activities resulting in certified emission reductions; and



(b) Parties included in Annex I may use the certified emission reductions accruing from such project activities to contribute to compliance with part of their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3, as determined by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. (b) Parties included in Annex I may use the certified emission reductions accruing from such project activities to contribute to compliance with part of their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3, as determined by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol.



4. The clean development mechanism shall be subject to the authority and guidance of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol and be supervised by an executive board of the clean development mechanism.



5. Emission reductions resulting from each project activity shall be certified by operational entities to be designated by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, on the basis of:



(a) Voluntary participation approved by each Party involved;



(b) Real, measurable, and long-term benefits related to the mitigation of climate change; and



(c) Reductions in emissions that are additional to any that would occur in the absence of the certified project activity.



6. The clean development mechanism shall assist in arranging funding of certified project activities as necessary.











7. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session, elaborate modalities and procedures with the objective of ensuring transparency, efficiency and accountability through independent auditing and verification of project activities.



8. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall ensure that a share of the proceeds from certified project activities is used to cover administrative expenses as well as to assist developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change to meet the costs of adaptation. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall ensure that a share of the proceeds from certified project activities is used to cover administrative expenses as well as to assist developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change to meet the costs of adaptation.



9. Participation under the clean development mechanism, including in activities mentioned in paragraph 3(a) above and in the acquisition of certified emission reductions, may involve private and/or public entities, and is to be subject to whatever guidance may be provided by the executive board of the clean development mechanism. Participation under the clean development mechanism, including in activities mentioned in paragraph 3(a) above and in the acquisition of certified emission reductions, may involve private and/or public entities, and is to be subject to whatever guidance may be provided by the executive board of the clean development mechanism.



10. Certified emission reductions obtained during the period from the year 2000 up to the beginning of the first commitment period can be used to assist in achieving compliance in the first commitment period.





Article 13





1. The Conference of the Parties, the supreme body of the Convention, shall serve as the

meeting of the Parties to this Protocol.



2. Parties to the Convention that are not Parties to this Protocol may participate as

observers in the proceedings of any session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. When the Conference of the Parties serves as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, decisions under this Protocol shall be taken only by those that are Parties to this Protocol.



3. When the Conference of the Parties serves as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, any member of the Bureau of the Conference of the Parties representing a Party to the Convention but, at that time, not a Party to this Protocol, shall be replaced by an additional member to be elected by and from amongst the Parties to this Protocol. When the Conference of the Parties serves as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, any member of the Bureau of the Conference of the Parties representing a Party to the Convention but, at that time, not a Party to this Protocol, shall be replaced by an additional member to be elected by and from amongst the Parties to this Protocol.



4. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall keep under regular review the implementation of this Protocol and shall make, within its mandate, the decisions necessary to promote its effective implementation. It shall perform the functions assigned to it by this Protocol and shall:



(a) Assess, on the basis of all information made available to it in accordance with

the provisions of this Protocol, the implementation of this Protocol by the Parties, the overall effects of the measures taken pursuant to this Protocol, in particular environmental, economic and social effects as well as their cumulative impacts and the extent to which progress towards the objective of the Convention is being achieved; the provisions of this Protocol, the implementation of this Protocol by the Parties, the overall effects of the measures taken pursuant to this Protocol, in particular environmental, economic and social effects as well as their cumulative impacts and the extent to which progress towards the objective of the Convention is being achieved;





(b) Periodically examine the obligations of the Parties under this Protocol, giving due consideration to any reviews required by Article 4, paragraph 2(d), and Article 7, paragraph 2, of the Convention, in the light of the objective of the Convention, the experience gained in its implementation and the evolution of scientific and technological knowledge, and in this respect consider and adopt regular reports on the implementation of this Protocol; (b) Periodically examine the obligations of the Parties under this Protocol, giving due consideration to any reviews required by Article 4, paragraph 2(d), and Article 7, paragraph 2, of the Convention, in the light of the objective of the Convention, the experience gained in its implementation and the evolution of scientific and technological knowledge, and in this respect consider and adopt regular reports on the implementation of this Protocol;



(c) Promote and facilitate the exchange of information on measures adopted by the Parties to address climate change and its effects, taking into account the differing circumstances, responsibilities and capabilities of the Parties and their respective commitments under this Protocol;



(d) Facilitate, at the request of two or more Parties, the coordination of measures adopted by them to address climate change and its effects, taking into account the differing circumstances, responsibilities and capabilities of the Parties and their respective commitments under this Protocol;



(e) Promote and guide, in accordance with the objective of the Convention and the provisions of this Protocol, and taking fully into account the relevant decisions by the Conference of the Parties, the development and periodic refinement of comparable methodologies for the effective implementation of this Protocol, to be agreed on by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol; (e) Promote and guide, in accordance with the objective of the Convention and the provisions of this Protocol, and taking fully into account the relevant decisions by the Conference of the Parties, the development and periodic refinement of comparable methodologies for the effective implementation of this Protocol, to be agreed on by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol;



(f) Make recommendations on any matters necessary for the implementation of this Protocol;



(g) Seek to mobilize additional financial resources in accordance with

Article 11, paragraph 2;



(h) Establish such subsidiary bodies as are deemed necessary for the implementation of this Protocol;



(i) Seek and utilize, where appropriate, the services and cooperation of, and information provided by, competent international organizations and intergovernmental and non-governmental bodies; and



(j) Exercise such other functions as may be required for the implementation of this Protocol, and consider any assignment resulting from a decision by the Conference of the Parties.



5. The rules of procedure of the Conference of the Parties and financial procedures applied under the Convention shall be applied mutatis mutandis under this Protocol, except as may be otherwise decided by consensus by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. The rules of procedure of the Conference of the Parties and financial procedures applied under the Convention shall be applied mutatis mutandis under this Protocol, except as may be otherwise decided by consensus by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol .



6. The first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall be convened by the secretariat in conjunction with the first session of the Conference of the Parties that is scheduled after the date of the entry into force of this Protocol. The first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall be convened by the secretariat in conjunction with the first session of the Conference of the Parties that is scheduled after the date of the entry into force of this Protocol. Subsequent ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall be held every year and in conjunction with ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties, unless otherwise decided by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. Subsequent ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall be held every year and in conjunction with ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties, unless otherwise decided by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol.



7. Extraordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the

Parties to this Protocol shall be held at such other times as may be deemed necessary by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, or at the written request of any Party, provided that, within six months of the request being communicated to the Parties by the secretariat, it is supported by at least one third of the Parties. Parties to this Protocol shall be held at such other times as may be deemed necessary by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, or at the written request of any Party, provided that, within six months of the request being communicated to the Parties by the secretariat, it is supported by at least one third of the Parties.



8. The United Nations, its specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy

Agency, as well as any State member thereof or observers thereto not party to the Convention, may be represented at sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol as observers. Any body or agency, whether national or international, governmental or non-governmental, which is qualified in matters covered by this Protocol and which has informed the secretariat of its wish to be represented at a session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol as an observer, may be so admitted unless at least one third of the Parties present object. Any body or agency, whether national or international, governmental or non-governmental, which is qualified in matters covered by this Protocol and which has informed the secretariat of its wish to be represented at a session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol as an observer, may be so admitted unless at least one third of the Parties present object. The admission and participation of observers shall be subject to the rules of procedure, as referred to in

paragraph 5 above.




Article 14






1. The secretariat established by Article 8 of the Convention shall serve as the secretariat of this Protocol.



2. Article 8, paragraph 2, of the Convention on the functions of the secretariat, and

Article 8, paragraph 3, of the Convention on arrangements made for the functioning of the secretariat, shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Protocol. The secretariat shall, in addition, exercise the functions assigned to it under this Protocol.





Article 15





1. The Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation established by Articles 9 and 10 of the Convention shall serve as, respectively, the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of this Protocol. The provisions relating to the functioning of these two bodies under the Convention shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Protocol. Sessions of the meetings of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of this Protocol shall be held in conjunction with the meetings of, respectively, the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of the Convention. Sessions of the meetings of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of this Protocol shall be held in conjunction with the meetings of, respectively, the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of the Convention.



2. Parties to the Convention that are not Parties to this Protocol may participate as observers in the proceedings of any session of the subsidiary bodies. When the subsidiary bodies serve as the subsidiary bodies of this Protocol, decisions under this Protocol shall be taken only by those that are Parties to this Protocol.



3. When the subsidiary bodies established by Articles 9 and 10 of the Convention exercise their functions with regard to matters concerning this Protocol, any member of the Bureaux of those subsidiary bodies representing a Party to the Convention but, at that time, not a party to this Protocol, shall be replaced by an additional member to be elected by and from amongst the Parties to this Protocol. When the subsidiary bodies established by Articles 9 and 10 of the Convention exercise their functions with regard to matters concerning this Protocol, any member of the Bureaux of those subsidiary bodies representing a Party to the Convention but, at that time, not a party to this Protocol, shall be replaced by an additional member to be elected by and from amongst the Parties to this Protocol.




Article 16






The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, as soon as practicable, consider the application to this Protocol of, and modify as appropriate, the multilateral consultative process referred to in Article 13 of the Convention, in the light of any relevant decisions that may be taken by the Conference of the Parties. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, as soon as practicable, consider the application to this Protocol of, and modify as appropriate, the multilateral consultative process referred to in Article 13 of the Convention, in the light of any relevant decisions that may be taken by the Conference of the Parties. Any multilateral consultative process that may be applied to this Protocol shall operate without prejudice to the procedures and mechanisms established in accordance with Article 18.





Article 17





The Conference of the Parties shall define the relevant principles, modalities, rules and guidelines, in particular for verification, reporting and accountability for emissions trading. The Parties included in Annex B may participate in emissions trading for the purposes of fulfilling their commitments under Article 3. The Conference of the Parties shall define the relevant principles, modalities, rules and guidelines, in particular for verification, reporting and accountability for emissions trading. The Parties included in Annex B may participate in emissions trading for the purposes of fulfilling their commitments under Article 3 . Any such trading shall be supplemental to domestic actions for the purpose of meeting quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under that Article.




Article 18





The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session, approve appropriate and effective procedures and mechanisms to determine and to address cases of non-compliance with the provisions of this Protocol, including through the development of an indicative list of consequences, taking into account the cause, type, degree and frequency of non-compliance. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session, approve appropriate and effective procedures and mechanisms to determine and to address cases of non-compliance with the provisions of this Protocol, including through the development of an indicative list of consequences, taking into account the cause, type, degree and frequency of non-compliance. Any procedures and mechanisms under this Article entailing binding consequences shall be adopted by means of an amendment to this Protocol.



Article 19






The provisions of Article 14 of the Convention on settlement of disputes shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Protocol.









Article 20



1. Any Party may propose amendments to this Protocol.



2. Amendments to this Protocol shall be adopted at an ordinary session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. The text of any proposed amendment to this Protocol shall be communicated to the Parties by the secretariat at least six months before the meeting at which it is proposed for adoption. The secretariat shall also communicate the text of any proposed amendments to the Parties and signatories to the Convention and, for information, to the Depositary.



3. The Parties shall make every effort to reach agreement on any proposed amendment to this Protocol by consensus. If all efforts at consensus have been exhausted, and no agreement reached, the amendment shall as a last resort be adopted by a three-fourths majority vote of the Parties present and voting at the meeting. The adopted amendment shall be communicated by the secretariat to the Depositary, who shall circulate it to all Parties for their acceptance.



4. Instruments of acceptance in respect of an amendment shall be deposited with the Depositary. An amendment adopted in accordance with paragraph 3 above shall enter into force for those Parties having accepted it on the ninetieth day after the date of receipt by the Depositary of an instrument of acceptance by at least three fourths of the Parties to this Protocol.



5. The amendment shall enter into force for any other Party on the ninetieth day after the date on which that Party deposits with the Depositary its instrument of acceptance of the said amendment.





Article 21



1. Annexes to this Protocol shall form an integral part thereof and, unless otherwise expressly provided, a reference to this Protocol constitutes at the same time a reference to any annexes thereto. Any annexes adopted after the entry into force of this Protocol shall be restricted to lists, forms and any other material of a descriptive nature that is of a scientific, technical, procedural or administrative character.



2. Any Party may make proposals for an annex to this Protocol and may propose amendments to annexes to this Protocol.



3. Annexes to this Protocol and amendments to annexes to this Protocol shall be adopted at an ordinary session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. The text of any proposed annex or amendment to an annex shall be communicated to the Parties by the secretariat at least six months before the meeting at which it is proposed for adoption. The secretariat shall also communicate the text of any proposed annex or amendment to an annex to the Parties and signatories to the Convention and, for information, to the Depositary.



4. The Parties shall make every effort to reach agreement on any proposed annex or amendment to an annex by consensus. If all efforts at consensus have been exhausted, and no agreement reached, the annex or amendment to an annex shall as a last resort be adopted by a three-fourths majority vote of the Parties present and voting at the meeting. The adopted annex or amendment to an annex shall be communicated by the secretariat to the Depositary, who shall circulate it to all Parties for their acceptance.



5. An annex, or amendment to an annex other than Annex A or B, that has been adopted in accordance with paragraphs 3 and 4 above shall enter into force for all Parties to this Protocol six months after the date of the communication by the Depositary to such Parties of the adoption of the annex or adoption of the amendment to the annex, except for those Parties that have notified the Depositary, in writing, within that period of their non-acceptance of the annex or amendment to the annex. An annex, or amendment to an annex other than Annex A or B, that has been adopted in accordance with paragraphs 3 and 4 above shall enter into force for all Parties to this Protocol six months after the date of the communication by the Depositary to such Parties of the adoption of the annex or adoption of the amendment to the annex, except for those Parties that have notified the Depositary, in writing, within that period of their non-acceptance of the annex or amendment to the annex. The annex or amendment to an annex shall enter into force for Parties which withdraw their notification of non-acceptance on the ninetieth day after the date on which withdrawal of such notification has been received by the Depositary.



6. If the adoption of an annex or an amendment to an annex involves an amendment to this Protocol, that annex or amendment to an annex shall not enter into force until such time as the amendment to this Protocol enters into force.



7. Amendments to Annexes A and B to this Protocol shall be adopted and enter into force in accordance with the procedure set out in Article 20, provided that any amendment to Annex B shall be adopted only with the written consent of the Party concerned .





Article 22



1. Each Party shall have one vote, except as provided for in paragraph 2 below.



2. Regional economic integration organizations, in matters within their competence, shall exercise their right to vote with a number of votes equal to the number of their member States that are Parties to this Protocol. Such an organization shall not exercise its right to vote if any of its member States exercises its right, and vice versa.





Article 23





The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall be the Depositary of this Protocol.





Article 24



1. This Protocol shall be open for signature and subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by States and regional economic integration organizations which are Parties to the Convention. It shall be open for signature at United Nations Headquarters in New York from

16 March 1998 to 15 March 1999. This Protocol shall be open for accession from the day after the date on which it is closed for signature. Instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be deposited with the Depositary.



2. Any regional economic integration organization which becomes a Party to this Protocol without any of its member States being a Party shall be bound by all the obligations under this Protocol. In the case of such organizations, one or more of whose member States is a Party to this Protocol, the organization and its member States shall decide on their respective responsibilities for the performance of their obligations under this Protocol. In such cases, the organization and the member States shall not be entitled to exercise rights under this Protocol concurrently.



3. In their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, regional economic integration organizations shall declare the extent of their competence with respect to the matters governed by this Protocol. These organizations shall also inform the Depositary, who shall in turn inform the Parties, of any substantial modification in the extent of their competence.




Article 25






1. This Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date on which not less than 55 Parties to the Convention, incorporating Parties included in Annex I which accounted in total for at least 55 per cent of the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990 of the Parties included in Annex I, have deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. This Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date on which not less than 55 Parties to the Convention, incorporating Parties included in Annex I which accounted in total for at least 55 per cent of the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990 of the Parties included in Annex I, have deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.



2. For the purposes of this Article, "the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990 of the Parties included in Annex I" means the amount communicated on or before the date of adoption of this Protocol by the Parties included in Annex I in their first national communications submitted in accordance with Article 12 of the Convention. For the purposes of this Article, "the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990 of the Parties included in Annex I" means the amount communicated on or before the date of adoption of this Protocol by the Parties included in Annex I in their first national communications submitted in accordance with Article 12 of the Convention.



3. For each State or regional economic integration organization that ratifies, accepts or

approves this Protocol or accedes thereto after the conditions set out in paragraph 1 above for entry into force have been fulfilled, this Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day following the date of deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.



4. For the purposes of this Article, any instrument deposited by a regional economic

integration organization shall not be counted as additional to those deposited by States members of the organization.




Article 26






No reservations may be made to this Protocol.




Article 27






1. At any time after three years from the date on which this Protocol has entered into force for a Party, that Party may withdraw from this Protocol by giving written notification to the Depositary.



2. Any such withdrawal shall take effect upon expiry of one year from the date of receipt by the Depositary of the notification of withdrawal, or on such later date as may be specified in the notification of withdrawal.



3. Any Party that withdraws from the Convention shall be considered as also having withdrawn from this Protocol.









Article 28





The original of this Protocol, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the

United Nations.



DONE at Kyoto this eleventh day of December one thousand nine hundred and

ninety-seven.



IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorized to that effect, have affixed their signatures to this Protocol on the dates indicated.



Annex A





Greenhouse gases



Carbon dioxide (CO 2 )

Methane (CH 4 )

Nitrous oxide (N 2 O)

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)

Sulphur hexafluoride (SF 6 )



Sectors/source categories



Energy

Fuel combustion

Energy industries

Manufacturing industries and construction

Transport

Other sectors

Other

Fugitive emissions from fuels

Solid fuels

Oil and natural gas

Other



Industrial processes

Mineral products

Chemical industry

Metal production

Other production

Production of halocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride

Consumption of halocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride

Other



Solvent and other product use



Agriculture

Enteric fermentation

Manure management

Rice cultivation

Agricultural soils

Prescribed burning of savannas

Field burning of agricultural residues

Other







Waste

Solid waste disposal on land

Wastewater handling

Waste incineration

Other



Annex B





Party Quantified emission limitation or

reduction commitment

(percentage of base year or period)



Australia 108

Austria 92

Belgium 92

Bulgaria* 92

Canada 94

Croatia* 95

Czech Republic* 92

Denmark 92

Estonia* 92

European Community 92

Finland 92

France 92

Germany 92

Greece 92

Hungary* 94

Iceland 110

Ireland 92

Italy 92

Japan 94

Latvia* 92

Liechtenstein 92

Lithuania* 92

Luxembourg 92

Monaco 92

Netherlands 92

New Zealand 100

Norway 101

Poland* 94

Portugal 92

Romania* 92

Russian Federation* 100

Slovakia* 92

Slovenia* 92

Spain 92

Sweden 92

Switzerland 92

Ukraine* 100

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 92

United States of America 93

* Countries that are undergoing the process of transition to a market economy



Ana Sayfa



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