Kyoto China 京都

KYOTO 京都

PROTOCOL TO THE 议定书，以

UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE 联合国气候变化框架公约




The Parties to this Protocol , 本议定书缔约方 ，



Being Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, hereinafter referred to as "the Convention", 各方正在向联合国气候变化框架公约，以下简称"公约" ，


In pursuit of the ultimate objective of the Convention as stated in its Article 2, 在追求的终极目标，这项公约在其第2条


Recalling the provisions of the Convention, 回顾该公约的各项规定，

Being guided by Article 3 of the Convention, 遵循公约第3条，



Pursuant to the Berlin Mandate adopted by decision 1/CP.1 of the 根据柏林授权通过cp.1号决定的

Conference of the Parties to the Convention at its first session, 会议的公约缔约方会议第一届会议通过，


Have agreed as follows: 议定如下：


Article 1 第1条


For the purposes of this Protocol, the definitions contained in Article 1 of the Convention shall apply. 该议定书的目的，定义包含在公约第1条的规定适用。 In addition: 此外：



1. 1 。 "Conference of the Parties" means the Conference of the Parties to the Convention. "缔约方大会"是指缔约方大会该公约。



2. 2 。 "Convention" means the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, adopted in New York on 9 May 1992. "公约"是指联合国气候变化框架公约，在纽约通过的关于1992年5月9日。



3. 3 。 "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change" means the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change established in 1988 jointly by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme. "政府间气候变化专门委员会" ，是指政府间气候变化专业委员会成立于1988年由世界气象组织和联合国环境规划署。



4. 4 。 "Montreal Protocol" means the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, adopted in Montreal on 16 September 1987 and as subsequently adjusted and amended. "蒙特利尔议定书"指蒙特利尔议定书消耗臭氧层物质层，在蒙特利尔通过对1987年9月16日及随后的调整和修改。



5. 5 。 "Parties present and voting" means Parties present and casting an affirmative or negative vote. "出席并参加表决的缔约方"是指出席会议并投赞成票或反对票。



6. 6 。 "Party" means, unless the context otherwise indicates, a Party to this Protocol. "当事人"是指，除非上下文另有所指，本议定书缔约方。



7. 7 。 "Party included in Annex I" means a Party included in Annex I to the Convention, as may be amended, or a Party which has made a notification under Article 4, paragraph 2(g), of the Convention. "党列入附件一的缔约方"是指列入附件一的有关公约，可予以修正，或一个党作出通知第4条第 2款（ g ）项的规定。


Article 2 第2条


1. 1 。 Each Party included in Annex I, in achieving its quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3, in order to promote sustainable development, shall: 每一缔约方列入附件一的，在实现其量化的限制和减少排放的第三条下的承诺，以促进可持续发展，应：



(a) Implement and/or further elaborate policies and measures in accordance with its national circumstances, such as: （一）执行和/或进一步制订政策和措施，并根据本国具体情况，如：



(i) Enhancement of energy efficiency in relevant sectors of the national economy; （一）提高能源效率，在相关部门的国民经济;



(ii) Protection and enhancement of sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, taking into account its commitments under relevant international environmental agreements; promotion of sustainable forest management practices, afforestation and reforestation; （二）保护和增强汇和库未予管制的温室气体是由蒙特利尔议定书，同时考虑到其依有关的国际环境协定;促进可持续森林管理做法，造林和再造林;



(iii) Promotion of sustainable forms of agriculture in light of climate change considerations; （三）促进可持续农业形式的针对气候变化的因素;



(iv) Research on, and promotion, development and increased use of, new and renewable forms of energy, of carbon dioxide sequestration technologies and of advanced and innovative environmentally sound technologies; （四）研究和推广，开发和增加使用新的和可再生的能源，二氧化碳固碳技术和先进创新的无害环境的技术;



(v) Progressive reduction or phasing out of market imperfections, fiscal incentives, tax and duty exemptions and subsidies in all greenhouse gas emitting sectors that run counter to the objective of the Convention and application of market instruments; （五）逐步减少或取消的市场缺陷，财政激励，税收和关税减免和补贴，在所有温室气体排放部门违背客观的公约和应用市场工具;



(vi) Encouragement of appropriate reforms in relevant sectors aimed at promoting policies and measures which limit or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol; （六）鼓励适当的改革，在相关部门的旨在促进政策和措施限制或减少温室气体的排放，不会受到蒙特利尔议定书;



(vii) Measures to limit and/or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol in the transport sector; （七）采取措施，以限制和/或减少温室气体的排放，不会受到蒙特利尔议定书在运输部门;



(viii) Limitation and/or reduction of methane emissions through recovery and use in waste management, as well as in the production, transport and distribution of energy; （八）限制和/或减少甲烷的排放量，通过回收和利用，在废物管理方面，以及在生产，运输，能源的生产和分配;



(b) Cooperate with other such Parties to enhance the individual and combined effectiveness of their policies and measures adopted under this Article, pursuant to Article 4, paragraph 2(e)(i), of the Convention. （二）与其他诸如政党，以提高个人和综合效力，他们采取的政策和措施，根据这篇文章，按照第4条第2款（ e ）项（一）项的规定。 To this end, these Parties shall take steps to share their experience and exchange information on such policies and measures, including developing ways of improving their comparability, transparency and effectiveness. 为此目的，这些缔约方应采取步骤分享他们的经验和信息交流等政策和措施，包括设法改进自己的可比性，透明度和有效性。 The Conference of the 会议的

Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session or as soon as practicable thereafter, consider ways to facilitate such cooperation, taking into account all relevant information. 缔约方大会作为本议定书缔约方应在其第一届会议上或在切实可行范围内尽快此后，考虑如何促进这种合作，同时考虑到所有相关信息。



2. 2 。 The Parties included in Annex I shall pursue limitation or reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol from aviation and marine bunker fuels, working through the International Civil Aviation Organization and the International Maritime Organization, respectively. 各方列入附件一的规定，限制或减少温室气体的排放，不会受到蒙特利尔议定书，从航空和海运舱载燃料的工作是通过国际民用航空组织和国际海事卫星组织，分别为。



3. 3 。 The Parties included in Annex I shall strive to implement policies and measures under this Article in such a way as to minimize adverse effects, including the adverse effects of climate change, effects on international trade, and social, environmental and economic impacts on other Parties, especially developing country Parties and in particular those identified in Article 4, paragraphs 8 and 9, of the Convention, taking into account Article 3 of the Convention. 各方列入附件一的，我会努力执行政策和措施下，这篇文章以这样一种方式，以尽量减少不利影响，包括气候变化的不利影响，对国际贸易的影响，以及社会，环境和经济的影响以及对其他缔约方，特别是发展中国家缔约方，并特别指明的那些第4 ，第8和第9 ，该公约，同时考虑到该公约第3条。 The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol may take further action, as appropriate, to promote the implementation of the provisions of this paragraph. 缔约方大会的会议作为本议定书缔约方可能采取进一步行动，在适当情况下，推动实施本款的规定。



4. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, if it decides that it would be beneficial to coordinate any of the policies and measures in 缔约方大会的会议作为本议定书缔约方，如果它决定，这将有利于协调，任何一项政策和措施

paragraph 1(a) above, taking into account different national circumstances and potential effects, shall consider ways and means to elaborate the coordination of such policies and measures. 第1款（ a ）项所述的，同时考虑到不同的国情和潜在影响，应考虑以何种方式和手段，以阐明协调这些政策和措施。


Article 3 第3条


1. 1 。 The Parties included in Annex I shall, individually or jointly, ensure that their aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A do not exceed their assigned amounts, calculated pursuant to their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments inscribed in Annex B and in accordance with the provisions of this Article, with a view to reducing their overall emissions of such gases by at least 5 per cent below 1990 levels in the commitment period 2008 to 2012. 该附件一所列缔约方应单独或共同确保其总量人为二氧化碳当量的温室气体排放量列于附件不超过其分配数量的计算，根据其量化的限制和减少排放的承诺铭刻在附件二并按照本条的规定，以期减少其总体排放量，这种气体总量至少百分之五低于1990年的水平，在承诺期2008年至2012年。



2. 2 。 Each Party included in Annex I shall, by 2005, have made demonstrable progress in achieving its commitments under this Protocol. 每一缔约方列入附件一的规定，到2005年，已取得了进展，实现自己的承诺，根据本议定书。



3. 3 。 The net changes in greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks resulting from direct human-induced land-use change and forestry activities, limited to afforestation, reforestation and deforestation since 1990, measured as verifiable changes in carbon stocks in each commitment period, shall be used to meet the commitments under this Article of each Party included in Annex I. The greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks associated with those activities shall be reported in a transparent and verifiable manner and reviewed in accordance with Articles 7 and 8. 净变化的温室气体源排放和各种汇的清除所造成的直接由人类引起的土地利用变化和林业活动 ， 限于造林，人工造林和森林砍伐，自1990年以来，作为衡量，可核查的碳储存量的变化，在每一个承诺期，应用来应付有关承诺，这篇文章的每一缔约方列入附件一的温室气体源排放和各种汇的清除与这些活动应当报在一个透明和可核查的方式，并审查了，按照第七条和第八条。



4. 4 。 Prior to the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, each Party included in Annex I shall provide, for consideration by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, data to establish its level of carbon stocks in 1990 and to enable an estimate to be made of its changes in carbon stocks in subsequent years. 之前，第一届缔约方大会的会议作为本议定书缔约方，每个附件一所列缔约方应规定，对审议附属科学和技术咨询，数据，以确定其级别的碳股市在1990年和使作出估计，其碳储存量的变化，在随后的几年。 The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session or as soon as practicable thereafter, decide upon modalities, rules and guidelines as to how, and which, additional human-induced activities related to changes in greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks in the agricultural soils and the land-use change and forestry categories shall be added to, or subtracted from, the assigned amounts for Parties included in Annex I, taking into account uncertainties, transparency in reporting, verifiability, the methodological work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the advice provided by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice in accordance with Article 5 and the decisions of the Conference of the Parties. 缔约方大会的会议作为本议定书缔约方应在其第一届会议上或在切实可行范围内尽快此后，一经决定的方式，规则和准则，至于如何，其中，新增人为因素引起的相关活动的变化在温室气体源排放和各种汇的清除的，在农业土壤和土地利用变化和林业类应加入或减去，缔约方的分配数量列入附件一的，同时考虑到各种不确定性，报告的透明度，可核查，该方法工作的政府间气候变化专门委员会提供的意见，由附属科学和技术咨询机构根据第五条和决定缔约方大会。 Such a decision shall apply in the second and subsequent commitment periods. 作出这样的决定应适用于第二个和以后的承诺期。 A Party may choose to apply such a decision on these additional human-induced activities for its first commitment period, provided that these activities have taken place since 1990. 一方当事人可以选择适用此项决定对这些人引起的其他活动，为它的第一个承诺期，前提是这些活动都发生了自1990年以来。



5. 5 。 The Parties included in Annex I undergoing the process of transition to a market economy whose base year or period was established pursuant to decision 9/CP.2 of the Conference of the Parties at its second session shall use that base year or period for the implementation of their commitments under this Article. 各方列入附件一的经历过程中向市场经济过渡，其基准年或期间设cp.2号决定的缔约方大会在其第二届会议应使用该基准年或期间，为实施他们的承诺，按照本条规定。 Any other Party included in Annex I undergoing the process of transition to a market economy which has not yet submitted its first national communication under Article 12 of the Convention may also notify the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol that it intends to use an historical base year or period other than 1990 for the implementation of its commitments under this Article. 任何其他缔约方列入附件一的经历过程中向市场经济过渡的，它尚未提交了第一次国家信息通报，根据公约第12条也可通知缔约方大会的会议作为本议定书缔约方认为它打算利用一个历史基准年或期间，除1990年为实施其承诺的这篇文章。 The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall decide on the acceptance of such notification. 缔约方大会的会议作为本议定书缔约方应决定是否接受此项通知。



6. 6 。 Taking into account Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Convention, in the implementation of their commitments under this Protocol other than those under this Article, a certain degree of flexibility shall be allowed by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol to the Parties included in Annex I undergoing the process of transition to a market economy. 考虑到第四条第6款，该公约，在执行自己的承诺，根据本议定书以外，本条款规定，在一定程度上的灵活性，也一律不得由缔约方大会作为缔约方会议本议定书缔约方列入附件一的经历过程中向市场经济过渡。



7. 7 。 In the first quantified emission limitation and reduction commitment period, from 在第一个量化的限制和减少排放的承诺期内，由

2008 to 2012, the assigned amount for each Party included in Annex I shall be equal to the percentage inscribed for it in Annex B of its aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A in 1990, or the base year or period determined in accordance with paragraph 5 above, multiplied by five. 2008年至2012年，分配数量为每个附件一所列缔约方应等于百分比题写为它在附件二的，其总量人为二氧化碳当量的温室气体排放量列于附件并于1990年或基准年或期定在根据上文第5段，再乘以5 。 Those Parties included in Annex I for whom land-use change and forestry constituted a net source of greenhouse gas emissions in 1990 shall include in their 1990 emissions base year or period the aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions by sources minus removals by sinks in 1990 from land-use change for the purposes of calculating their assigned amount. 这些缔约方列入附件一的人，土地利用的变化和林业构成净排放源的温室气体排放量在1990年应包括在其1990年排放基准年或期间累计人为二氧化碳当量源排放量减去汇清除量从1990年的土地利用的变化为计算其分配数量。



8. 8 。 Any Party included in Annex I may use 1995 as its base year for hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride, for the purposes of the calculation referred to in paragraph 7 above. 任何一方列入附件一的，可使用1995年作为基准年为氢氟碳化合物，全氟烃和六氟化硫，为了计算第7款所指以上。



9. 9 。 Commitments for subsequent periods for Parties included in Annex I shall be established in amendments to Annex B to this Protocol, which shall be adopted in accordance with the provisions of Article 21, paragraph 7. 以后各期的承诺附件一所列缔约方应设在修改附件二本议定书，其中应采用按照第21条的规定，第7段。 The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall initiate the consideration of such commitments at least seven years before the end of the first commitment period referred to in paragraph 1 above. 缔约方大会的会议作为本议定书缔约方应着手审议此类承诺至少七年年底前的第一个承诺期第1段中提及以上。



10. 10 。 Any emission reduction units, or any part of an assigned amount, which a Party acquires from another Party in accordance with the provisions of Article 6 or of Article 17 shall be added to the assigned amount for the acquiring Party. 任何减少排放单位或其任何部分的分配数量，其中一方收购从另一个当事人按照第6条的规定，或第17条的规定加以补充，以分配数量为获取方。



11. 11 。 Any emission reduction units, or any part of an assigned amount, which a Party transfers to another Party in accordance with the provisions of Article 6 or of Article 17 shall be subtracted from the assigned amount for the transferring Party. 任何减少排放单位或其任何部分的分配数量，其中一方转移给另一方当事人按照第6条的规定，或第17条的，应减去分配数量为转移。



12. 12 。 Any certified emission reductions which a Party acquires from another Party in accordance with the provisions of Article 12 shall be added to the assigned amount for the acquiring Party. 任何经证明的减少排放，其中一方从另一缔约方获得的，按照第12条的规定，应予以补充，以分配数量为获取方。



13. 13 。 If the emissions of a Party included in Annex I in a commitment period are less than its assigned amount under this Article, this difference shall, on request of that Party, be added to the assigned amount for that Party for subsequent commitment periods. 如果某一缔约方的排放量列入附件一的一个承诺期少于其分配数量根据该条规定，这种差异应根据请求的中共党，被添加到分配数量为党，为以后的承诺期。



14. 14 。 Each Party included in Annex I shall strive to implement the commitments mentioned in paragraph 1 above in such a way as to minimize adverse social, environmental and economic impacts on developing country Parties, particularly those identified in Article 4, paragraphs 8 and 9, of the Convention. 每个附件一所列缔约方应努力履行承诺的第1段所述，在这样一种方式，以尽量减少不利的社会，环境和经济影响的发展中国家缔约方，特别是那些在确定第4条第8和第9的公约。 In line with relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties on the implementation of those paragraphs, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session, consider what actions are necessary to minimize the adverse effects of climate change and/or the impacts of response measures on Parties referred to in those paragraphs. 按照有关决定缔约方大会关于执行这些段落中，缔约方大会的会议作为本议定书缔约方应在其第一届会议上考虑需要何种行动，以尽量减少不利影响气候变化和/或有关的影响和应对措施，对各方所提及，在这些段落。 Among the issues to be considered shall be the establishment of funding, insurance and transfer of technology. 其中需要考虑的问题，应建立资金筹措，保险和技术转让。




Article 4 第4条






1. 1 。 Any Parties included in Annex I that have reached an agreement to fulfil their commitments under Article 3 jointly, shall be deemed to have met those commitments provided that their total combined aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A do not exceed their assigned amounts calculated pursuant to their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments inscribed in Annex B and in accordance with the provisions of Article 3. 任何附件一所列缔约方已经达成了一项协议，以履行其第三条下的承诺共同负责，应被视为已达到上述承诺规定，其合计总累计人为二氧化碳当量的温室气体排放量列于附件不超过其分配数量的计算，根据其量化的限制和减少排放的承诺铭刻在附件乙，并按照第三条的规定。 The respective emission level allocated to each of the Parties to the agreement shall be set out in that agreement. 各自的排放水平，分配给每个协议各方应载明于该协定。



2. 2 。 The Parties to any such agreement shall notify the secretariat of the terms of the 当事人任何此类协定应通知秘书处的条款规定

agreement on the date of deposit of their instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval of this Protocol, or accession thereto. 协议的日期交存其批准书，接受书或核准本议定书或加入。 The secretariat shall in turn inform the Parties and signatories to the Convention of the terms of the agreement. 秘书处应在通知各缔约方和签署该公约的协议条款。



3. 3 。 Any such agreement shall remain in operation for the duration of the commitment period specified in Article 3, paragraph 7. 任何此类协议应继续运作，为在承诺期限内所指明的第3条，第7 。



4. 4 。 If Parties acting jointly do so in the framework of, and together with, a regional 如果各方联合行动，这样做的范围内，并连同一个区域

economic integration organization, any alteration in the composition of the organization after adoption of this Protocol shall not affect existing commitments under this Protocol. 经济一体化组织，任何一个改动，在组成该组织后，通过这项议定书的规定不影响现有的承诺，根据本议定书。 Any alteration in the composition of the organization shall only apply for the purposes of those commitments under Article 3 that are adopted subsequent to that alteration. 任何改动，在组成该组织应只适用于为施行这些第三条下的承诺即是后来通过这一改动。



5. 5 。 In the event of failure by the Parties to such an agreement to achieve their total 在发生故障时，由当事人这样一项协议，以实现其总

combined level of emission reductions, each Party to that agreement shall be responsible for its own level of emissions set out in the agreement. 合并减少排放水平，每一个党，以该协议应负责其自身的排放水平的内容已载列于该协定。



6. 6 。 If Parties acting jointly do so in the framework of, and together with, a regional 如果各方联合行动，这样做的范围内，并连同一个区域

economic integration organization which is itself a Party to this Protocol, each member State of that regional economic integration organization individually, and together with the regional economic integration organization acting in accordance with Article 24, shall, in the event of failure to achieve the total combined level of emission reductions, be responsible for its level of emissions as notified in accordance with this Article. 经济一体化组织，这本身就是一个党，以在本议定书中，每个会员国的区域经济一体化组织，个体，联同区域经济一体化组织代理，按照第24条规定，一旦发生如未能达到总的合并减少排放水平，负责其排放水平的通知，按照本条规定。





Article 5 第5条





1. 1 。 Each Party included in Annex I shall have in place, no later than one year prior to the start of the first commitment period, a national system for the estimation of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol. 附件一所列每一缔约方应在不晚于1年前开始的第一个承诺期，一个全国性的系统，为估算各种源的人为排放和各种汇的清除都未予管制的温室气体蒙特利尔议定书。 Guidelines for such national systems, which shall incorporate the methodologies specified in paragraph 2 below, shall be decided upon by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol at its first session. 此类国家体系的指南，其中应纳入指定的方法在以下第2款的，应迅速作出裁决，由该会议的公约缔约方会议作为本议定书缔约方会议第一届会议通过。



2. 2 。 Methodologies for estimating anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol shall be those accepted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties at its third session. 方法估算各种源的人为排放和各种汇的清除都未予管制的温室气体的蒙特利尔议定书应比照接受由政府间气候变化专门委员会，并商定由缔约方大会第三次会议审议。 Where such methodologies are not used, appropriate adjustments shall be applied according to methodologies agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol at its first session. 如不使用这种方法学，进行适当调整的适用应根据议定的方法缔约方大会的会议作为本议定书缔约方会议第一届会议通过。 Based on the work of, inter alia , the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and advice provided by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall regularly review and, as appropriate, revise such methodologies and adjustments, taking fully into account any relevant decisions by the Conference of the Parties. 工作的基础上， 特别是政府间气候变化专门委员会和咨询附属机构提供科学和技术咨询机构，缔约方大会的会议作为本议定书缔约方应定期审查，并在适当修改这种方法和调整，同时充分考虑到任何有关决定，由缔约方大会。 Any revision to methodologies or adjustments shall be used only for the purposes of ascertaining compliance with commitments under Article 3 in respect of any commitment period adopted subsequent to that revision. 任何修订方法或调整，应只用于的目的是查明遵守第三条下的承诺方面的任何承诺期之后通过的修改。



3. 3 。 The global warming potentials used to calculate the carbon dioxide equivalence of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases listed in Annex A shall be those accepted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties at its third session. 全球升温潜能用来计算二氧化碳等价源的人为排放和各种汇的清除温室气体列于本法附件一应比照接受由政府间气候变化专门委员会，并商定由缔约方大会在其第三会议审议。 Based on the work of, inter alia , the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and advice provided by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall regularly review and, as appropriate, revise the global warming potential of each such greenhouse gas, taking fully into account any relevant decisions by the Conference of the Parties. 工作的基础上， 特别是政府间气候变化专门委员会和咨询附属机构提供科学和技术咨询机构，缔约方大会的会议作为本议定书缔约方应定期审查，并在适当协商，修改全球变暖的潜力，每个等温室气体，同时充分考虑到任何有关决定，由缔约方大会。 Any revision to a global warming potential shall apply only to commitments under Article 3 in respect of any commitment period adopted subsequent to that revision. 任何修改，以一个全球变暖的潜在应仅适用于第三条下的承诺方面的任何承诺期之后通过的修改。




Article 6 第六条






1. 1 。 For the purpose of meeting its commitments under Article 3, any Party included in 为宗旨的会议上，其第三条下的承诺，任何一方列入

Annex I may transfer to, or acquire from, any other such Party emission reduction units resulting from projects aimed at reducing anthropogenic emissions by sources or enhancing anthropogenic removals by sinks of greenhouse gases in any sector of the economy, provided that: 附件一，可转让，或获取由，任何其他这类缔约方排放量减少单位的项目产生的，旨在减少人为源排放量或增加人为汇清除量的温室气体，在任何经济部门，规定：



(a) Any such project has the approval of the Parties involved; （ a ）任何此类项目须经有关缔约方批准;



(b) Any such project provides a reduction in emissions by sources, or an enhancement of removals by sinks, that is additional to any that would otherwise occur; （二）任何此类项目提供了一个减少源的排放，或增强汇的清除，这是额外的任何以其他方式发生;



(c) It does not acquire any emission reduction units if it is not in compliance with its obligations under Articles 5 and 7; and （三）没有取得任何减少排放单位的，如果它不遵守其义务，根据第五条和第七条;及



(d) The acquisition of emission reduction units shall be supplemental to domestic actions for the purposes of meeting commitments under Article 3. （四）减少排放单位的获得应以补充国内行动为宗旨的会议第三条下的承诺。



2. 2 。 The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol may, at its first session or as soon as practicable thereafter, further elaborate guidelines for the implementation of this Article, including for verification and reporting. 缔约方大会的会议作为本议定书缔约方，可在第一届会议上或在切实可行范围内尽快此后，进一步制定指导原则，为实施本条款，包括为核查和报告工作。



3. 3 。 A Party included in Annex I may authorize legal entities to participate, under its responsibility, in actions leading to the generation, transfer or acquisition under this Article of emission reduction units. 附件一所列缔约方可以授权法律实体参加，根据自己的职责，在各种行动，以产生，转让或收购的，根据这篇文章的排放量减少单位。



4. 4 。 If a question of implementation by a Party included in Annex I of the requirements referred to in this Article is identified in accordance with the relevant provisions of 如果履行问题，由党列入附件一的有关规定中提到，在这篇文章中，是确定的，按照有关规定

Article 8, transfers and acquisitions of emission reduction units may continue to be made after the question has been identified, provided that any such units may not be used by a Party to meet its commitments under Article 3 until any issue of compliance is resolved. 第八条，转让和获取排减单位的，可继续作出后，在发现问题，但是任何这类单位不得使用由一个党，以满足其第三条下的承诺之前，任何遵守问题获得解决。





Article 7 第7条





1. 1 。 Each Party included in Annex I shall incorporate in its annual inventory of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, submitted in accordance with the relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties, the necessary supplementary information for the purposes of ensuring compliance with Article 3, to be determined in accordance with paragraph 4 below. 附件一所列每一缔约方均应将在其年度库存的各种源的人为排放和各种汇的清除未予管制的温室气体蒙特利尔议定书，提交按照有关决定，缔约方大会的，必要的补充资料目的是确保遵守第三条，以确定按照下文第4段。



2. 2 。 Each Party included in Annex I shall incorporate in its national communication, submitted under Article 12 of the Convention, the supplementary information necessary to demonstrate compliance with its commitments under this Protocol, to be determined in accordance with paragraph 4 below. 每个附件一所列缔约方应在其国家信息通报，下提交公约第12条，补充必要的资料，以证明遵守自己的承诺，根据这项议定书，以确定按照下文第4段。



3. 3 。 Each Party included in Annex I shall submit the information required under 每个附件一所列缔约方应提交所需的资料下

paragraph 1 above annually, beginning with the first inventory due under the Convention for the first year of the commitment period after this Protocol has entered into force for that Party. Each such Party shall submit the information required under paragraph 2 above as part of the first national communication due under the Convention after this Protocol has entered into force for it and after the adoption of guidelines as provided for in paragraph 4 below. 以上第1款的，每年年初与第一因库存根据公约第一承诺期的某一年后，本议定书已进入对该缔约方生效。每一缔约方应提交所需的资料根据以上第2款的一部分第一全国通信由于根据该公约后，在本议定书已经生效，而且通过后，指引规定，在第4段以下。 The frequency of subsequent submission of information required under this Article shall be determined by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, taking into account any timetable for the submission of national communications decided upon by the Conference of the Parties. 频率其后提交本条所要求资料的，应取决于缔约方大会的会议作为本议定书缔约方，考虑到任何时间表，提交国家信息通报后，决定由缔约方大会。



4. 4 。 The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall adopt at its first session, and review periodically thereafter, guidelines for the preparation of the information required under this Article, taking into account guidelines for the preparation of national communications by Parties included in Annex I adopted by the Conference of the Parties. 缔约方大会的会议作为本议定书缔约方应在第一届会议通过，并定期检讨此后，编制指南所需要的资料，本条款规定，同时考虑到指引，为编制国家信息通报附件一所列缔约方会议通过的有关各方。 The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall also, prior to the first commitment period, decide upon modalities for the accounting of assigned amounts. 缔约方大会的会议作为本议定书缔约方也应事先向第一个承诺期，决定核算方式分配数量。





Article 8 第8条





1. 1 。 The information submitted under Article 7 by each Party included in Annex I shall be reviewed by expert review teams pursuant to the relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties and in accordance with guidelines adopted for this purpose by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol under paragraph 4 below. 提交的资料，根据第七条每个附件一所列缔约方应加以审查，由专家审评组根据有关决定缔约方大会，并按照通过的准则，为这个目的而召开的缔约方会议对本议定书缔约方根据下文第4段。 The information submitted under Article 7, paragraph 1, by each Party included in Annex I shall be reviewed as part of the annual compilation and accounting of emissions inventories and assigned amounts. 提交的资料显示，根据第七条第1款，每一缔约方列入附件一的规定进行检讨，作为部分的年度汇编和核算排放清单和分配数量。 Additionally, the information submitted under Article 7, paragraph 2, by each Party included in Annex I shall be reviewed as part of the review of communications. 此外，提交的资料显示，根据第7条第2项中，每一方列入附件一的规定进行检讨，作为审查工作的一部分的通信。



2. 2 。 Expert review teams shall be coordinated by the secretariat and shall be composed of experts selected from those nominated by Parties to the Convention and, as appropriate, by intergovernmental organizations, in accordance with guidance provided for this purpose by the Conference of the Parties. 专家审评组应在秘书处的协调下，并应以专家组成的挑选，从这些提名公约缔约方，并酌情由政府间组织，按照所提供的指导，为这个目的，由缔约方大会。



3. 3 。 The review process shall provide a thorough and comprehensive technical assessment 审查过程中应提供一个彻底和全面的技术评估

of all aspects of the implementation by a Party of this Protocol. 各方面的执行情况，由党的本议定书。 The expert review teams shall prepare a report to the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol , assessing the implementation of the commitments of the Party and identifying any potential problems in, and factors influencing, the fulfilment of commitments. 专家审评组应编写一份报告提交缔约方大会的会议作为本议定书缔约方，评估承诺的执行情况的党，并确定任何潜在问题和影响因素，履行承诺。 Such reports shall be circulated by the secretariat to all Parties to the Convention. 此类报告应由秘书处分送公约所有缔约国。 The secretariat shall list those questions of implementation indicated in such reports for further consideration by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. 秘书处应列出执行问题，在这些报告作进一步审议缔约方大会的会议作为本议定书缔约方。



4. 4 。 The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall adopt at its first session, and review periodically thereafter, guidelines for the review of implementation of this Protocol by expert review teams taking into account the relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties. 缔约方大会的会议作为本议定书缔约方应在第一届会议通过，并定期检讨此后，指引，以供审查本议定书的执行情况，由专家审查组要考虑到有关会议的决定各当事方。



5. 5 。 The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, with the assistance of the Subsidiary Body for Implementation and, as appropriate, the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, consider: 缔约方大会的会议作为本议定书缔约方应与援助的附属履行机构，并在适当附属科学和技术咨询机构，考虑：



(a) The information submitted by Parties under Article 7 and the reports of the expert reviews thereon conducted under this Article; and （一）所提交的资料缔约方按照第七条和专家审评的报告并就此进行下这篇文章;及



(b) Those questions of implementation listed by the secretariat under （ b ）在执行问题的上市，由秘书处根据

paragraph 3 above, as well as any questions raised by Parties. 以上第3款，以及缔约方提出的任何问题。



6. 6 。 Pursuant to its consideration of the information referred to in paragraph 5 above, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall take decisions on any matter required for the implementation of this Protocol. 根据审议中提到的资料，在上文第5段，缔约方大会的会议作为本议定书缔约方应采取的任何事项作出决定规定，为实施本议定书。





Article 9 第9条





1. 1 。 The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall periodically review this Protocol in the light of the best available scientific information and assessments on climate change and its impacts, as well as relevant technical, social and economic information. 缔约方大会的会议作为本议定书缔约方应定期审查本议定书在根据可获得的最佳科学信息和评估，对气候变化及其影响，以及相关的技术，社会和经济信息。 Such reviews shall be coordinated with pertinent reviews under the Convention, in particular those required by Article 4, paragraph 2(d), and Article 7, 这种审查应协调相关评语根据该公约，尤其是那些需要由第4条第2款（ d ）项和第七条，

paragraph 2(a), of the Convention. 第2款（ a ）项的规定。 Based on these reviews, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall take appropriate action. 根据这些评语，缔约方大会的会议作为本议定书缔约方应采取适当的行动。



2. 2 。 The first review shall take place at the second session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. 第一次审查应在第二届缔约方大会的会议作为本议定书缔约方。 Further reviews shall take place at regular intervals and in a timely manner. 进一步的审查应采取定期和及时。





Article 10 第10条





All Parties, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and 所有缔约方，考虑到它们的共同但有区别的责任

their specific national and regional development priorities, objectives and circumstances, without introducing any new commitments for Parties not included in Annex I, but reaffirming existing commitments under Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention, and continuing to advance the implementation of these commitments in order to achieve sustainable development, taking into account Article 4, paragraphs 3, 5 and 7, of the Convention, shall: 它们特殊的国家和区域发展优先顺序，目标和情况，在出台任何新的承诺，为未列入附件一的，但重申现有的承诺，根据第4条第1款规定，该公约，并继续促进履行这些承诺为了实现可持续发展，同时考虑到第四条第3款， 5日和7日，该公约的，应当：





(a) Formulate, where relevant and to the extent possible, cost-effective national （一）制定，而相关的，并在可能的范围内，符合成本效益的国家

and, where appropriate, regional programmes to improve the quality of local emission factors, activity data and/or models which reflect the socio-economic conditions of each Party for the preparation and periodic updating of national inventories of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, using comparable methodologies to be agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties, and consistent with the guidelines for the preparation of national communications adopted by the Conference of the Parties; ，并在适当的区域方案，以提高国民素质的地方排放因素，活动数据和/或模型，反映了社会经济条件的，每个党，为编制和定期更新的国家清单的各种源的人为排放和各种汇的清除所有未予管制的温室气体蒙特利尔议定书，以比较的方法，以商定，由缔约方会议，并与指导方针，为编制国家信息通报所通过的缔约方大会;



(b) Formulate, implement, publish and regularly update national and, where appropriate, regional programmes containing measures to mitigate climate change and measures to facilitate adequate adaptation to climate change: （二）制订，执行，公布和定期更新的国家，并在适当的区域方案遏制措施，以减轻气候变化和措施，以促进充分适应气候变化：



(i) Such programmes would, inter alia , concern the energy, transport and industry sectors as well as agriculture, forestry and waste management. （一）这类方案将特别关注能源，运输和工业部门以及农业，林业和废物管理。 Furthermore, adaptation technologies and methods for improving spatial planning would improve adaptation to climate change; and 此外，适应技术和方法的改进空间规划将提高对气候变化的适应;及



(ii) Parties included in Annex I shall submit information on action under this Protocol, including national programmes, in accordance with Article 7; and other Parties shall seek to include in their national communications, as appropriate, information on programmes which contain measures that the Party believes contribute to addressing climate change and its adverse impacts, including the abatement of increases in greenhouse gas emissions, and enhancement of and removals by sinks, capacity building and adaptation measures; （二）附件一所列缔约方应提交的资料，根据本议定书，其中包括国家方案，在按照第7条;和其他各方应寻求包括在其国家信息通报，并酌情资讯节目，其中含有各项措施的党相信有助于对付气候变化及其不利影响，包括减缓温室气体排放的增加，以及加强和各种汇的清除，能力建设和适应措施;



(c) Cooperate in the promotion of effective modalities for the development, application and diffusion of, and take all practicable steps to promote, facilitate and finance, as appropriate, the transfer of, or access to, environmentally sound technologies, know-how, practices and processes pertinent to climate change, in particular to developing countries, including the formulation of policies and programmes for the effective transfer of （三）合作促进有效方式，为开发，应用和扩散，并采取一切切实可行的步骤，以促进，便利和酌情提供资金，转让或获得无害环境的技术，技术诀窍，做法和过程相关的气候变化，尤其是向发展中国家转让，其中包括制订政策和方案，为有效转移

environmentally sound technologies that are publicly owned or in the public domain and the creation of an enabling environment for the private sector, to promote and enhance the transfer of, and access to, environmentally sound technologies; 无害环境的技术属于公有的或公共领域，并创造一个有利的环境，为私人机构，以促进和加强转让，并获得无害环境的技术;



(d) Cooperate in scientific and technical research and promote the maintenance and the development of systematic observation systems and development of data archives to reduce uncertainties related to the climate system, the adverse impacts of climate change and the economic and social consequences of various response strategies, and promote the development and strengthening of endogenous capacities and capabilities to participate in international and intergovernmental efforts, programmes and networks on research and systematic observation, taking into account Article 5 of the Convention; （四）合作，在科学和技术研究，并推动维持和发展有系统的观测系统及开发数据档案，以减少相关的不确定性，气候系统，气候变化的不利影响，以及经济和社会后果的各种应对策略，并促进发展和加强本国能力参与国际及政府间的努力，方案和网络的研究和系统观察，同时考虑到公约第5条;









(e) Cooperate in and promote at the international level, and, where appropriate, （五）合作，并推动在国际层面上，并在适当情况下，

using existing bodies, the development and implementation of education and training programmes, including the strengthening of national capacity building, in particular human and institutional capacities and the exchange or secondment of personnel to train experts in this field, in particular for developing countries, and facilitate at the national level public awareness of, and public access to information on, climate change. 利用现有的机构，制定和实施教育和培训方案，包括加强国家能力建设，特别是在人力和机构的能力和交换或借调人员以培训这一领域的专家，尤其是对发展中国家来说，有利于在国家一级的公共意识，并鼓励公众对信息的获取，气候变化的影响。 Suitable modalities should be developed to implement these activities through the relevant bodies of the Convention, taking into account Article 6 of the Convention; 适当的方式应该制定实施这些活动，包括透过相关机构的公约，同时考虑到公约第6条;



(f) Include in their national communications information on programmes and activities undertaken pursuant to this Article in accordance with relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties; and （六）包括在其国家信息通报的方案并开展了一些活动依照本条根据有关决定的缔约方大会;及



(g) Give full consideration, in implementing the commitments under this Article, to Article 4, paragraph 8, of the Convention.





Article 11





1. In the implementation of Article 10, Parties shall take into account the provisions of Article 4, paragraphs 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9, of the Convention.



2. In the context of the implementation of Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention, in accordance with the provisions of Article 4, paragraph 3, and Article 11 of the Convention, and through the entity or entities entrusted with the operation of the financial mechanism of the Convention, the developed country Parties and other developed Parties included in Annex II to the Convention shall: In the context of the implementation of Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention, in accordance with the provisions of Article 4, paragraph 3, and Article 11 of the Convention, and through the entity or entities entrusted with the operation of the financial mechanism of the Convention, the developed country Parties and other developed Parties included in Annex II to the Convention shall:



(a) Provide new and additional financial resources to meet the agreed full costs incurred by developing country Parties in advancing the implementation of existing commitments under Article 4, paragraph 1(a), of the Convention that are covered in

Article 10, subparagraph (a); and



(b) Also provide such financial resources, including for the transfer of technology, needed by the developing country Parties to meet the agreed full incremental costs of advancing the implementation of existing commitments under Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention that are covered by Article 10 and that are agreed between a developing country Party and the international entity or entities referred to in Article 11 of the Convention, in accordance with that Article. (b) Also provide such financial resources, including for the transfer of technology, needed by the developing country Parties to meet the agreed full incremental costs of advancing the implementation of existing commitments under Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention that are covered by Article 10 and that are agreed between a developing country Party and the international entity or entities referred to in Article 11 of the Convention, in accordance with that Article.



The implementation of these existing commitments shall take into account the need for adequacy and predictability in the flow of funds and the importance of appropriate burden sharing among developed country Parties. The guidance to the entity or entities entrusted with the operation of the financial mechanism of the Convention in relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties, including those agreed before the adoption of this Protocol, shall apply mutatis mutandis to the provisions of this paragraph.





3. The developed country Parties and other developed Parties in Annex II to the

Convention may also provide, and developing country Parties avail themselves of, financial resources for the implementation of Article 10, through bilateral, regional and other multilateral channels.





Article 12





1. A clean development mechanism is hereby defined.



2. The purpose of the clean development mechanism shall be to assist Parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable development and in contributing to the ultimate objective of the Convention, and to assist Parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3. The purpose of the clean development mechanism shall be to assist Parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable development and in contributing to the ultimate objective of the Convention, and to assist Parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3.



3. Under the clean development mechanism:



(a) Parties not included in Annex I will benefit from project activities resulting in certified emission reductions; and



(b) Parties included in Annex I may use the certified emission reductions accruing from such project activities to contribute to compliance with part of their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3, as determined by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. (b) Parties included in Annex I may use the certified emission reductions accruing from such project activities to contribute to compliance with part of their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3, as determined by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol.



4. The clean development mechanism shall be subject to the authority and guidance of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol and be supervised by an executive board of the clean development mechanism.



5. Emission reductions resulting from each project activity shall be certified by operational entities to be designated by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, on the basis of:



(a) Voluntary participation approved by each Party involved;



(b) Real, measurable, and long-term benefits related to the mitigation of climate change; and



(c) Reductions in emissions that are additional to any that would occur in the absence of the certified project activity.



6. The clean development mechanism shall assist in arranging funding of certified project activities as necessary.











7. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session, elaborate modalities and procedures with the objective of ensuring transparency, efficiency and accountability through independent auditing and verification of project activities.



8. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall ensure that a share of the proceeds from certified project activities is used to cover administrative expenses as well as to assist developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change to meet the costs of adaptation. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall ensure that a share of the proceeds from certified project activities is used to cover administrative expenses as well as to assist developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change to meet the costs of adaptation.



9. Participation under the clean development mechanism, including in activities mentioned in paragraph 3(a) above and in the acquisition of certified emission reductions, may involve private and/or public entities, and is to be subject to whatever guidance may be provided by the executive board of the clean development mechanism. Participation under the clean development mechanism, including in activities mentioned in paragraph 3(a) above and in the acquisition of certified emission reductions, may involve private and/or public entities, and is to be subject to whatever guidance may be provided by the executive board of the clean development mechanism.



10. Certified emission reductions obtained during the period from the year 2000 up to the beginning of the first commitment period can be used to assist in achieving compliance in the first commitment period.





Article 13





1. The Conference of the Parties, the supreme body of the Convention, shall serve as the

meeting of the Parties to this Protocol.



2. Parties to the Convention that are not Parties to this Protocol may participate as

observers in the proceedings of any session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. When the Conference of the Parties serves as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, decisions under this Protocol shall be taken only by those that are Parties to this Protocol.



3. When the Conference of the Parties serves as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, any member of the Bureau of the Conference of the Parties representing a Party to the Convention but, at that time, not a Party to this Protocol, shall be replaced by an additional member to be elected by and from amongst the Parties to this Protocol. When the Conference of the Parties serves as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, any member of the Bureau of the Conference of the Parties representing a Party to the Convention but, at that time, not a Party to this Protocol, shall be replaced by an additional member to be elected by and from amongst the Parties to this Protocol.



4. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall keep under regular review the implementation of this Protocol and shall make, within its mandate, the decisions necessary to promote its effective implementation. It shall perform the functions assigned to it by this Protocol and shall:



(a) Assess, on the basis of all information made available to it in accordance with

the provisions of this Protocol, the implementation of this Protocol by the Parties, the overall effects of the measures taken pursuant to this Protocol, in particular environmental, economic and social effects as well as their cumulative impacts and the extent to which progress towards the objective of the Convention is being achieved; the provisions of this Protocol, the implementation of this Protocol by the Parties, the overall effects of the measures taken pursuant to this Protocol, in particular environmental, economic and social effects as well as their cumulative impacts and the extent to which progress towards the objective of the Convention is being achieved;





(b) Periodically examine the obligations of the Parties under this Protocol, giving due consideration to any reviews required by Article 4, paragraph 2(d), and Article 7, paragraph 2, of the Convention, in the light of the objective of the Convention, the experience gained in its implementation and the evolution of scientific and technological knowledge, and in this respect consider and adopt regular reports on the implementation of this Protocol; (b) Periodically examine the obligations of the Parties under this Protocol, giving due consideration to any reviews required by Article 4, paragraph 2(d), and Article 7, paragraph 2, of the Convention, in the light of the objective of the Convention, the experience gained in its implementation and the evolution of scientific and technological knowledge, and in this respect consider and adopt regular reports on the implementation of this Protocol;



(c) Promote and facilitate the exchange of information on measures adopted by the Parties to address climate change and its effects, taking into account the differing circumstances, responsibilities and capabilities of the Parties and their respective commitments under this Protocol;



(d) Facilitate, at the request of two or more Parties, the coordination of measures adopted by them to address climate change and its effects, taking into account the differing circumstances, responsibilities and capabilities of the Parties and their respective commitments under this Protocol;



(e) Promote and guide, in accordance with the objective of the Convention and the provisions of this Protocol, and taking fully into account the relevant decisions by the Conference of the Parties, the development and periodic refinement of comparable methodologies for the effective implementation of this Protocol, to be agreed on by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol; (e) Promote and guide, in accordance with the objective of the Convention and the provisions of this Protocol, and taking fully into account the relevant decisions by the Conference of the Parties, the development and periodic refinement of comparable methodologies for the effective implementation of this Protocol, to be agreed on by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol;



(f) Make recommendations on any matters necessary for the implementation of this Protocol;



(g) Seek to mobilize additional financial resources in accordance with

Article 11, paragraph 2;



(h) Establish such subsidiary bodies as are deemed necessary for the implementation of this Protocol;



(i) Seek and utilize, where appropriate, the services and cooperation of, and information provided by, competent international organizations and intergovernmental and non-governmental bodies; and



(j) Exercise such other functions as may be required for the implementation of this Protocol, and consider any assignment resulting from a decision by the Conference of the Parties.



5. The rules of procedure of the Conference of the Parties and financial procedures applied under the Convention shall be applied mutatis mutandis under this Protocol, except as may be otherwise decided by consensus by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. The rules of procedure of the Conference of the Parties and financial procedures applied under the Convention shall be applied mutatis mutandis under this Protocol, except as may be otherwise decided by consensus by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol .



6. The first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall be convened by the secretariat in conjunction with the first session of the Conference of the Parties that is scheduled after the date of the entry into force of this Protocol. The first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall be convened by the secretariat in conjunction with the first session of the Conference of the Parties that is scheduled after the date of the entry into force of this Protocol. Subsequent ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall be held every year and in conjunction with ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties, unless otherwise decided by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. Subsequent ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall be held every year and in conjunction with ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties, unless otherwise decided by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol.



7. Extraordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the

Parties to this Protocol shall be held at such other times as may be deemed necessary by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, or at the written request of any Party, provided that, within six months of the request being communicated to the Parties by the secretariat, it is supported by at least one third of the Parties. Parties to this Protocol shall be held at such other times as may be deemed necessary by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, or at the written request of any Party, provided that, within six months of the request being communicated to the Parties by the secretariat, it is supported by at least one third of the Parties.



8. The United Nations, its specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy

Agency, as well as any State member thereof or observers thereto not party to the Convention, may be represented at sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol as observers. Any body or agency, whether national or international, governmental or non-governmental, which is qualified in matters covered by this Protocol and which has informed the secretariat of its wish to be represented at a session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol as an observer, may be so admitted unless at least one third of the Parties present object. Any body or agency, whether national or international, governmental or non-governmental, which is qualified in matters covered by this Protocol and which has informed the secretariat of its wish to be represented at a session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol as an observer, may be so admitted unless at least one third of the Parties present object. The admission and participation of observers shall be subject to the rules of procedure, as referred to in

paragraph 5 above.




Article 14






1. The secretariat established by Article 8 of the Convention shall serve as the secretariat of this Protocol.



2. Article 8, paragraph 2, of the Convention on the functions of the secretariat, and

Article 8, paragraph 3, of the Convention on arrangements made for the functioning of the secretariat, shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Protocol. The secretariat shall, in addition, exercise the functions assigned to it under this Protocol.





Article 15





1. The Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation established by Articles 9 and 10 of the Convention shall serve as, respectively, the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of this Protocol. The provisions relating to the functioning of these two bodies under the Convention shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Protocol. Sessions of the meetings of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of this Protocol shall be held in conjunction with the meetings of, respectively, the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of the Convention. Sessions of the meetings of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of this Protocol shall be held in conjunction with the meetings of, respectively, the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of the Convention.



2. Parties to the Convention that are not Parties to this Protocol may participate as observers in the proceedings of any session of the subsidiary bodies. When the subsidiary bodies serve as the subsidiary bodies of this Protocol, decisions under this Protocol shall be taken only by those that are Parties to this Protocol.



3. When the subsidiary bodies established by Articles 9 and 10 of the Convention exercise their functions with regard to matters concerning this Protocol, any member of the Bureaux of those subsidiary bodies representing a Party to the Convention but, at that time, not a party to this Protocol, shall be replaced by an additional member to be elected by and from amongst the Parties to this Protocol. When the subsidiary bodies established by Articles 9 and 10 of the Convention exercise their functions with regard to matters concerning this Protocol, any member of the Bureaux of those subsidiary bodies representing a Party to the Convention but, at that time, not a party to this Protocol, shall be replaced by an additional member to be elected by and from amongst the Parties to this Protocol.




Article 16






The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, as soon as practicable, consider the application to this Protocol of, and modify as appropriate, the multilateral consultative process referred to in Article 13 of the Convention, in the light of any relevant decisions that may be taken by the Conference of the Parties. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, as soon as practicable, consider the application to this Protocol of, and modify as appropriate, the multilateral consultative process referred to in Article 13 of the Convention, in the light of any relevant decisions that may be taken by the Conference of the Parties. Any multilateral consultative process that may be applied to this Protocol shall operate without prejudice to the procedures and mechanisms established in accordance with Article 18.





Article 17





The Conference of the Parties shall define the relevant principles, modalities, rules and guidelines, in particular for verification, reporting and accountability for emissions trading. The Parties included in Annex B may participate in emissions trading for the purposes of fulfilling their commitments under Article 3. The Conference of the Parties shall define the relevant principles, modalities, rules and guidelines, in particular for verification, reporting and accountability for emissions trading. The Parties included in Annex B may participate in emissions trading for the purposes of fulfilling their commitments under Article 3 . Any such trading shall be supplemental to domestic actions for the purpose of meeting quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under that Article.




Article 18





The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session, approve appropriate and effective procedures and mechanisms to determine and to address cases of non-compliance with the provisions of this Protocol, including through the development of an indicative list of consequences, taking into account the cause, type, degree and frequency of non-compliance. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session, approve appropriate and effective procedures and mechanisms to determine and to address cases of non-compliance with the provisions of this Protocol, including through the development of an indicative list of consequences, taking into account the cause, type, degree and frequency of non-compliance. Any procedures and mechanisms under this Article entailing binding consequences shall be adopted by means of an amendment to this Protocol.



Article 19






The provisions of Article 14 of the Convention on settlement of disputes shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Protocol.









Article 20



1. Any Party may propose amendments to this Protocol.



2. Amendments to this Protocol shall be adopted at an ordinary session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. The text of any proposed amendment to this Protocol shall be communicated to the Parties by the secretariat at least six months before the meeting at which it is proposed for adoption. The secretariat shall also communicate the text of any proposed amendments to the Parties and signatories to the Convention and, for information, to the Depositary.



3. The Parties shall make every effort to reach agreement on any proposed amendment to this Protocol by consensus. If all efforts at consensus have been exhausted, and no agreement reached, the amendment shall as a last resort be adopted by a three-fourths majority vote of the Parties present and voting at the meeting. The adopted amendment shall be communicated by the secretariat to the Depositary, who shall circulate it to all Parties for their acceptance.



4. Instruments of acceptance in respect of an amendment shall be deposited with the Depositary. An amendment adopted in accordance with paragraph 3 above shall enter into force for those Parties having accepted it on the ninetieth day after the date of receipt by the Depositary of an instrument of acceptance by at least three fourths of the Parties to this Protocol.



5. The amendment shall enter into force for any other Party on the ninetieth day after the date on which that Party deposits with the Depositary its instrument of acceptance of the said amendment.





Article 21



1. Annexes to this Protocol shall form an integral part thereof and, unless otherwise expressly provided, a reference to this Protocol constitutes at the same time a reference to any annexes thereto. Any annexes adopted after the entry into force of this Protocol shall be restricted to lists, forms and any other material of a descriptive nature that is of a scientific, technical, procedural or administrative character.



2. Any Party may make proposals for an annex to this Protocol and may propose amendments to annexes to this Protocol.



3. Annexes to this Protocol and amendments to annexes to this Protocol shall be adopted at an ordinary session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. The text of any proposed annex or amendment to an annex shall be communicated to the Parties by the secretariat at least six months before the meeting at which it is proposed for adoption. The secretariat shall also communicate the text of any proposed annex or amendment to an annex to the Parties and signatories to the Convention and, for information, to the Depositary.



4. The Parties shall make every effort to reach agreement on any proposed annex or amendment to an annex by consensus. If all efforts at consensus have been exhausted, and no agreement reached, the annex or amendment to an annex shall as a last resort be adopted by a three-fourths majority vote of the Parties present and voting at the meeting. The adopted annex or amendment to an annex shall be communicated by the secretariat to the Depositary, who shall circulate it to all Parties for their acceptance.



5. An annex, or amendment to an annex other than Annex A or B, that has been adopted in accordance with paragraphs 3 and 4 above shall enter into force for all Parties to this Protocol six months after the date of the communication by the Depositary to such Parties of the adoption of the annex or adoption of the amendment to the annex, except for those Parties that have notified the Depositary, in writing, within that period of their non-acceptance of the annex or amendment to the annex. An annex, or amendment to an annex other than Annex A or B, that has been adopted in accordance with paragraphs 3 and 4 above shall enter into force for all Parties to this Protocol six months after the date of the communication by the Depositary to such Parties of the adoption of the annex or adoption of the amendment to the annex, except for those Parties that have notified the Depositary, in writing, within that period of their non-acceptance of the annex or amendment to the annex. The annex or amendment to an annex shall enter into force for Parties which withdraw their notification of non-acceptance on the ninetieth day after the date on which withdrawal of such notification has been received by the Depositary.



6. If the adoption of an annex or an amendment to an annex involves an amendment to this Protocol, that annex or amendment to an annex shall not enter into force until such time as the amendment to this Protocol enters into force.



7. Amendments to Annexes A and B to this Protocol shall be adopted and enter into force in accordance with the procedure set out in Article 20, provided that any amendment to Annex B shall be adopted only with the written consent of the Party concerned .





Article 22



1. Each Party shall have one vote, except as provided for in paragraph 2 below.



2. Regional economic integration organizations, in matters within their competence, shall exercise their right to vote with a number of votes equal to the number of their member States that are Parties to this Protocol. Such an organization shall not exercise its right to vote if any of its member States exercises its right, and vice versa.





Article 23





The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall be the Depositary of this Protocol.





Article 24



1. This Protocol shall be open for signature and subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by States and regional economic integration organizations which are Parties to the Convention. It shall be open for signature at United Nations Headquarters in New York from

16 March 1998 to 15 March 1999. This Protocol shall be open for accession from the day after the date on which it is closed for signature. Instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be deposited with the Depositary.



2. Any regional economic integration organization which becomes a Party to this Protocol without any of its member States being a Party shall be bound by all the obligations under this Protocol. In the case of such organizations, one or more of whose member States is a Party to this Protocol, the organization and its member States shall decide on their respective responsibilities for the performance of their obligations under this Protocol. In such cases, the organization and the member States shall not be entitled to exercise rights under this Protocol concurrently.



3. In their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, regional economic integration organizations shall declare the extent of their competence with respect to the matters governed by this Protocol. These organizations shall also inform the Depositary, who shall in turn inform the Parties, of any substantial modification in the extent of their competence.




Article 25






1. This Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date on which not less than 55 Parties to the Convention, incorporating Parties included in Annex I which accounted in total for at least 55 per cent of the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990 of the Parties included in Annex I, have deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. This Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date on which not less than 55 Parties to the Convention, incorporating Parties included in Annex I which accounted in total for at least 55 per cent of the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990 of the Parties included in Annex I, have deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.



2. For the purposes of this Article, "the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990 of the Parties included in Annex I" means the amount communicated on or before the date of adoption of this Protocol by the Parties included in Annex I in their first national communications submitted in accordance with Article 12 of the Convention. For the purposes of this Article, "the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990 of the Parties included in Annex I" means the amount communicated on or before the date of adoption of this Protocol by the Parties included in Annex I in their first national communications submitted in accordance with Article 12 of the Convention.



3. For each State or regional economic integration organization that ratifies, accepts or

approves this Protocol or accedes thereto after the conditions set out in paragraph 1 above for entry into force have been fulfilled, this Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day following the date of deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.



4. For the purposes of this Article, any instrument deposited by a regional economic

integration organization shall not be counted as additional to those deposited by States members of the organization.




Article 26






No reservations may be made to this Protocol.




Article 27






1. At any time after three years from the date on which this Protocol has entered into force for a Party, that Party may withdraw from this Protocol by giving written notification to the Depositary.



2. Any such withdrawal shall take effect upon expiry of one year from the date of receipt by the Depositary of the notification of withdrawal, or on such later date as may be specified in the notification of withdrawal.



3. Any Party that withdraws from the Convention shall be considered as also having withdrawn from this Protocol.









Article 28





The original of this Protocol, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the

United Nations.



DONE at Kyoto this eleventh day of December one thousand nine hundred and

ninety-seven.



IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorized to that effect, have affixed their signatures to this Protocol on the dates indicated.



Annex A





Greenhouse gases



Carbon dioxide (CO 2 )

Methane (CH 4 )

Nitrous oxide (N 2 O)

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)

Sulphur hexafluoride (SF 6 )



Sectors/source categories



Energy

Fuel combustion

Energy industries

Manufacturing industries and construction

Transport

Other sectors

Other

Fugitive emissions from fuels

Solid fuels

Oil and natural gas

Other



Industrial processes

Mineral products

Chemical industry

Metal production

Other production

Production of halocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride

Consumption of halocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride

Other



Solvent and other product use



Agriculture

Enteric fermentation

Manure management

Rice cultivation

Agricultural soils

Prescribed burning of savannas

Field burning of agricultural residues

Other







Waste

Solid waste disposal on land

Wastewater handling

Waste incineration

Other



Annex B





Party Quantified emission limitation or

reduction commitment

(percentage of base year or period)



Australia 108

Austria 92

Belgium 92

Bulgaria* 92

Canada 94

Croatia* 95

Czech Republic* 92

Denmark 92

Estonia* 92

European Community 92

Finland 92

France 92

Germany 92

Greece 92

Hungary* 94

Iceland 110

Ireland 92

Italy 92

Japan 94

Latvia* 92

Liechtenstein 92

Lithuania* 92

Luxembourg 92

Monaco 92

Netherlands 92

New Zealand 100

Norway 101

Poland* 94

Portugal 92

Romania* 92

Russian Federation* 100

Slovakia* 92

Slovenia* 92

Spain 92

Sweden 92

Switzerland 92

Ukraine* 100

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 92

United States of America 93

* Countries that are undergoing the process of transition to a market economy