Kyoto Japanese 京都

KYOTO 京都

PROTOCOL TO THE プロトコルを

UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE 国連の気候変動枠組み条約




The Parties to this Protocol , 両当事者は、このプロトコルで、



Being Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, hereinafter referred to as "the Convention", 政党では、国連気候変動枠組み条約、以下"条約"は、


In pursuit of the ultimate objective of the Convention as stated in its Article 2, 究極の目的を追求して、この条約に記載され、第2 、


Recalling the provisions of the Convention, この条約の規定を振り返り 、

Being guided by Article 3 of the Convention, で 、この条約の第3条に導かれて、



Pursuant to the Berlin Mandate adopted by decision 1/CP.1 of the ベルリンで採択された委任に基づく意思決定の1/cp.1

Conference of the Parties to the Convention at its first session, 会議で、この条約に参加して、最初のセッションでは、


Have agreed as follows: 合意は以下のとおり：


Article 1 第1


For the purposes of this Protocol, the definitions contained in Article 1 of the Convention shall apply. このプロトコルを目的に、第 1 の定義に含まれて、この条約は適用されます。 In addition: 加えて：



1. 1 。 "Conference of the Parties" means the Conference of the Parties to the Convention. "会議で、政党"ということは、会議で、この条約に参加しています。



2. 2 。 "Convention" means the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, adopted in New York on 9 May 1992. "条約"は、国連の気候変動枠組み条約は、採択され1992年5月9日にニューヨークでました。



3. 3 。 "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change" means the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change established in 1988 jointly by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme. "気候変動に関する政府間パネル"とは、気候変動に関する政府間パネルが共同で1988年に設立され、世界気象機関と国連環境計画しています。



4. 4 。 "Montreal Protocol" means the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, adopted in Montreal on 16 September 1987 and as subsequently adjusted and amended. "モントリオール議定書"とは、物質に関するモントリオール議定書オゾン層を破壊する、モントリオールで採択され、その後、 1987年9月16補正と調整します。



5. 5 。 "Parties present and voting" means Parties present and casting an affirmative or negative vote. "当事者と現在の議決権"を意味する肯定的なキャスティングと現在の政党または除外投票します。



6. 6 。 "Party" means, unless the context otherwise indicates, a Party to this Protocol. "パーティー"を意味しない限り、それ以外のコンテキストを示し、このプロトコルパーティーをします。



7. 7 。 "Party included in Annex I" means a Party included in Annex I to the Convention, as may be amended, or a Party which has made a notification under Article 4, paragraph 2(g), of the Convention. "私は、附属書に含まれる党 "を意味する党の私にこの条約の附属書に含まれ、改正かもしれない、またはパーティーに通知してきた第4条の下では、 2項 （ g ）項、この条約のです。


Article 2 第2


1. 1 。 Each Party included in Annex I, in achieving its quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3, in order to promote sustainable development, shall: 各当事者は、附属書に含まれて私は、その数量的な排出抑制や削減を達成するためのコミットメントの下で第3は、持続可能な開発を促進するために、は：



(a) Implement and/or further elaborate policies and measures in accordance with its national circumstances, such as: （ a ）に実装および/またはさらなる精巧な政策と措置に基づき、国家の状況など：



(i) Enhancement of energy efficiency in relevant sectors of the national economy; （ 1 ）エネルギー効率の向上に関連性の高いセクターは、国家経済;



(ii) Protection and enhancement of sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, taking into account its commitments under relevant international environmental agreements; promotion of sustainable forest management practices, afforestation and reforestation; （ 2 ）保護と流し台の強化と貯水池の温室効果ガスによって制御されないモントリオール議定書では、関連性を考慮し、国際的な環境協定に基づくコミットメント;持続可能な森林経営の推進慣行、植林;



(iii) Promotion of sustainable forms of agriculture in light of climate change considerations; （ 3 ）持続可能な形態の農業の推進に照らし合わせて気候の変化を考慮;



(iv) Research on, and promotion, development and increased use of, new and renewable forms of energy, of carbon dioxide sequestration technologies and of advanced and innovative environmentally sound technologies; （ 4 ）研究して、プロモーション、開発、使用の増加は、新規および再生可能エネルギー、二酸化炭素の隔離技術や環境に配慮し、先進的かつ革新的な技術;



(v) Progressive reduction or phasing out of market imperfections, fiscal incentives, tax and duty exemptions and subsidies in all greenhouse gas emitting sectors that run counter to the objective of the Convention and application of market instruments; （ 5 ）進行なし崩しの削減や市場の不完全性、財政優遇措置は、補助金や税と義務の免除のすべての温室効果ガスの放出セクターに反する行動をして、この条約の目的やアプリケーション市場の楽器;



(vi) Encouragement of appropriate reforms in relevant sectors aimed at promoting policies and measures which limit or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol; （ 6 ）激励の適切な改革を推進し、関連性の高い分野を狙った政策と措置を制限または削減する温室効果ガスの排出モントリオール議定書によって制御されない;



(vii) Measures to limit and/or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol in the transport sector; （ 7 ）を制限する措置および/または温室効果ガスの排出削減によって制御されないモントリオール議定書では、輸送部門;



(viii) Limitation and/or reduction of methane emissions through recovery and use in waste management, as well as in the production, transport and distribution of energy; （ 8 ）の制限および/またはメタンの排出量の削減、廃棄物管理を通じて回収して使用するだけでなく、生産、輸送、流通、エネルギー;



(b) Cooperate with other such Parties to enhance the individual and combined effectiveness of their policies and measures adopted under this Article, pursuant to Article 4, paragraph 2(e)(i), of the Convention. （ b ）に協力していくような他の政党と合併の効果を高めるための個別の政策と措置の下で採択この記事では、 4条に準拠した、 2項（ e ）の（ 1 ）は、同条約ます。 To this end, these Parties shall take steps to share their experience and exchange information on such policies and measures, including developing ways of improving their comparability, transparency and effectiveness. そのためには、当事者は、これらの措置を取ると彼らの経験を共有するような政策と措置に関する情報交換など、彼らの比較を改善する方法の開発には、透明性と効果的です。 The Conference of the 同会議は、

Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session or as soon as practicable thereafter, consider ways to facilitate such cooperation, taking into account all relevant information. 当事者として、会議に参加して、このプロトコルは、その最初のセッションまたは可及的速やかにその後、このような協力を促進する方法を検討する、すべての関連情報を考慮します。



2. 2 。 The Parties included in Annex I shall pursue limitation or reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol from aviation and marine bunker fuels, working through the International Civil Aviation Organization and the International Maritime Organization, respectively. 私は当事者に含まれて別館を追求する制限または温室効果ガスの排出の削減によって制御されないモントリオール議定書と海洋バンカーから航空燃料、作業を通じて、国際民間航空機関や国際海事機関である。



3. 3 。 The Parties included in Annex I shall strive to implement policies and measures under this Article in such a way as to minimize adverse effects, including the adverse effects of climate change, effects on international trade, and social, environmental and economic impacts on other Parties, especially developing country Parties and in particular those identified in Article 4, paragraphs 8 and 9, of the Convention, taking into account Article 3 of the Convention. 附属書に含まれて当事者の努力を私はこの記事の下に政策と措置を実施するような方法に悪影響を最小限にするなど、気候変動の悪影響、国際貿易に影響を与える、と社会、環境と経済への影響を他の当事者は、特に発展途上国の特定の政党と、それらの識別、第4条8 、 9項には、同条約は、第3条を考慮し、この条約のです。 The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol may take further action, as appropriate, to promote the implementation of the provisions of this paragraph. 同会議は、政党としての会議に参加して、さらなる措置を講じる可能性このプロトコルは、必要に応じて、条項の実施を促進する、この段落です。



4. 4 。 The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, if it decides that it would be beneficial to coordinate any of the policies and measures in 同会議は、政党としての会議に参加して、このプロトコルをすれば、それを判断しただろうに有益な座標のいずれかの政策と措置を

paragraph 1(a) above, taking into account different national circumstances and potential effects, shall consider ways and means to elaborate the coordination of such policies and measures. 第1項上記（ a ）には、さまざまな国の事情を考慮し、潜在的な効果のほか、精巧な手段には、方法を検討するような政策や施策を調整しています。


Article 3 第3


1. 1 。 The Parties included in Annex I shall, individually or jointly, ensure that their aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A do not exceed their assigned amounts, calculated pursuant to their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments inscribed in Annex B and in accordance with the provisions of this Article, with a view to reducing their overall emissions of such gases by at least 5 per cent below 1990 levels in the commitment period 2008 to 2012. 当事者の附属書に含まれて私は、個別または共同で、彼らのことを確認して骨材と同等の二酸化炭素の排出を人為的に温室効果ガスの附属書に記載され、割り当てられた額を超えないように、彼らの計算に基づく数量的な排出抑制や削減約束に内接付属書bとの規定に基づき、この記事では、全体の削減を視野にこのような効果ガスの排出され、少なくとも5パーセントの下に1990年の水準は、 2008年から2012年の約束期間します。



2. 2 。 Each Party included in Annex I shall, by 2005, have made demonstrable progress in achieving its commitments under this Protocol. 各当事者は、附属書に含まれて私は、 2005年における明らかな進歩を達成したが、この議定書に基づく約束します。



3. 3 。 The net changes in greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks resulting from direct human-induced land-use change and forestry activities, limited to afforestation, reforestation and deforestation since 1990, measured as verifiable changes in carbon stocks in each commitment period, shall be used to meet the commitments under this Article of each Party included in Annex I. The greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks associated with those activities shall be reported in a transparent and verifiable manner and reviewed in accordance with Articles 7 and 8. 温室効果ガスの排出の純変化によって削除されるとのソースから生じる流し台に誘導される人間の直接的な土地利用の変化と林業活動 、 植林に限定され、森林伐採と植林1990年以来、変更の検証として測定し、各約束期間における炭素蓄積、死ぬコミットメントを満たすために使われるこの記事の下に各当事者の附属書に含まれてi.の温室効果ガスの排出源とされ削除され流し台に関連付けられたこれらの活動は、透明かつ検証可能な方法で報告され、審査に基づき7 、 8の記事です。



4. 4 。 Prior to the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, each Party included in Annex I shall provide, for consideration by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, data to establish its level of carbon stocks in 1990 and to enable an estimate to be made of its changes in carbon stocks in subsequent years. 最初のセッションに先立って、会議の当事者として、会議に参加して、このプロトコルは、各当事者は含まれて別館を提供する私は、子会社の体を考慮した科学技術のアドバイスは、そのデータを確立するレベルの炭素1990年の株式市場を有効にすると推定される前に、株式市場の変化炭素その後数年間にします。 The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session or as soon as practicable thereafter, decide upon modalities, rules and guidelines as to how, and which, additional human-induced activities related to changes in greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks in the agricultural soils and the land-use change and forestry categories shall be added to, or subtracted from, the assigned amounts for Parties included in Annex I, taking into account uncertainties, transparency in reporting, verifiability, the methodological work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the advice provided by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice in accordance with Article 5 and the decisions of the Conference of the Parties. 同会議は、政党としての会議に参加して、このプロトコルは、その最初のセッションまたは可及的速やかにその後、決めるの様式は、規則やガイドラインをどのように、そしてこれは、人間の追加に関連した活動の変化によって引き起こされる温室効果ガスの排出源とされ削除されると、土壌流し台の農業土地利用の変化と林業のカテゴリに追加されることは、またはから差し引かれ、割り当てられた金額を当事者附属書に含まれて私は、不確実性を考慮し、透明性の報告は、検証可能性、仕事の方法論気候変動に関する政府間パネルは、体のためのアドバイスを提供される子会社の科学技術のアドバイスに基づき、第5条の会議で、党の意思決定します。 Such a decision shall apply in the second and subsequent commitment periods. このような決定には、適用されると、第2ピリオド以降のコミットメントします。 A Party may choose to apply such a decision on these additional human-induced activities for its first commitment period, provided that these activities have taken place since 1990. 党の可能性を選択し、これらの追加決定して適用するような人間の活動によって引き起こされるため、最初の約束期間は、提供され、これらの活動は1990年以来行われました。



5. 5 。 The Parties included in Annex I undergoing the process of transition to a market economy whose base year or period was established pursuant to decision 9/CP.2 of the Conference of the Parties at its second session shall use that base year or period for the implementation of their commitments under this Article. 当事者の附属書に含まれて私を受けて、市場経済に移行する過程での基盤が確立さまたは期間1年9/cp.2 、会議の決定に基づき、当事者は、第2セッションを使用した期間は1年あるいはベースの実装この記事の下でのコミットメントをします。 Any other Party included in Annex I undergoing the process of transition to a market economy which has not yet submitted its first national communication under Article 12 of the Convention may also notify the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol that it intends to use an historical base year or period other than 1990 for the implementation of its commitments under this Article. 他の党の附属書に含まれて私のを受けて、市場経済に移行する過程で提出していません全国初の通信、この条約の12条の下で通知することもでき、会議で、政党の会議を務めている政党にしてこのプロトコル歴史的な基盤を使用することを意図または1年間の期間以外は、 1990年のコミットメントの下でこの記事で実装します。 The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall decide on the acceptance of such notification. 同会議は、政党としての会議に参加して、このプロトコルを決めるのは、そのような通知を承諾します。



6. 6 。 Taking into account Article 4, paragraph 6, of the Convention, in the implementation of their commitments under this Protocol other than those under this Article, a certain degree of flexibility shall be allowed by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol to the Parties included in Annex I undergoing the process of transition to a market economy. 第4条を考慮し、 6段落、同条約は、彼らのコミットメントの下では、このプロトコルの実装以外の下でこの記事では、ある程度の柔軟性は会議で許可された当事者として、当事者の会議両当事者は、このプロトコルを附属書に含まれて私のを受けて、市場経済に移行するプロセスです。



7. 7 。 In the first quantified emission limitation and reduction commitment period, from の最初の数量的な排出抑制や削減約束期間から

2008 to 2012, the assigned amount for each Party included in Annex I shall be equal to the percentage inscribed for it in Annex B of its aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A in 1990, or the base year or period determined in accordance with paragraph 5 above, multiplied by five. 2008年から2012年には、割り当てられた金額を、各当事者は、附属書に含まれる私はそれに等しいの割合内接bの附属書の骨材と同等の二酸化炭素の排出を人為的に温室効果ガスを1990年の附属書に記載されたか、または年間の基地期間5段落上記の決定に基づき、 5つを掛けた。 Those Parties included in Annex I for whom land-use change and forestry constituted a net source of greenhouse gas emissions in 1990 shall include in their 1990 emissions base year or period the aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions by sources minus removals by sinks in 1990 from land-use change for the purposes of calculating their assigned amount. 私はこれらの政党は、附属書に含まれる土地利用の変化と林業者構成の純温室効果ガスの排出源は、 1990年には、 1990年の排出量を基準年度を含めるまたは期間の集計データと同等の二酸化炭素の排出量を人為的にマイナスのソースは、 1990年から削除され流し台土地利用の目的を変更するために、割り当てられた金額を計算します。



8. 8 。 Any Party included in Annex I may use 1995 as its base year for hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride, for the purposes of the calculation referred to in paragraph 7 above. 第三者に含まれてよいかもしれ附属書を使用するガスを基準年として1995年には、六フッ化硫黄の効果や、計算を目的として7上記の段落で言及します。



9. 9 。 Commitments for subsequent periods for Parties included in Annex I shall be established in amendments to Annex B to this Protocol, which shall be adopted in accordance with the provisions of Article 21, paragraph 7. その後のパーティーにピリオドを公約に含まれて私は別館に開設されるこのプロトコルbを附属書改正案を、これは採択される第21条の規定に基づき、 7段落します。 The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall initiate the consideration of such commitments at least seven years before the end of the first commitment period referred to in paragraph 1 above. 同会議は、会議の当事者として、当事者の配信を開始し、このプロトコルは、このようなコミットメントを考慮し、少なくとも7年間の終わりの前の第1約束期間上記1の段落で言及します。



10. 10 。 Any emission reduction units, or any part of an assigned amount, which a Party acquires from another Party in accordance with the provisions of Article 6 or of Article 17 shall be added to the assigned amount for the acquiring Party. いかなる排出削減単位、またはその他の部分の金額を割り当てられて、これを別のパーティーから取得し党の規定に基づき、第6または第17条に追加されることは、割り当てられた金額を買収してパーティーを開いた。



11. 11 。 Any emission reduction units, or any part of an assigned amount, which a Party transfers to another Party in accordance with the provisions of Article 6 or of Article 17 shall be subtracted from the assigned amount for the transferring Party. いかなる排出削減単位、またはその他の部分の金額を割り当てられて、これを別のパーティーに転送党の規定に基づき、第6または第17条には、割り当てられた金額から差し引かれ、党の転送します。



12. 12 。 Any certified emission reductions which a Party acquires from another Party in accordance with the provisions of Article 12 shall be added to the assigned amount for the acquiring Party. 任意の排出削減量の認定を取得し、パーティーを別のパーティーの規定に基づき、第12に追加されることは、割り当てられた金額を買収してパーティーを開いた。



13. 13 。 If the emissions of a Party included in Annex I in a commitment period are less than its assigned amount under this Article, this difference shall, on request of that Party, be added to the assigned amount for that Party for subsequent commitment periods. パーティーに含まれている場合は、附属書の排出私は、その約束期間に割り当てられた金額未満の下では、この記事では、この違いは、リクエストに応じて、その党は、割り当てられた金額に追加されると、その党の公約を、後続のピリオドします。



14. 14 。 Each Party included in Annex I shall strive to implement the commitments mentioned in paragraph 1 above in such a way as to minimize adverse social, environmental and economic impacts on developing country Parties, particularly those identified in Article 4, paragraphs 8 and 9, of the Convention. 各当事者の努力を私は含まれて附属書に記載され第1項のコミットメントを実装して上記のような社会的に悪影響を最小限に抑える方法として、環境と経済の発展途上国への影響を当事者、特にこれらの識別、第4条8 、 9項には、そのコンベンションます。 In line with relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties on the implementation of those paragraphs, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session, consider what actions are necessary to minimize the adverse effects of climate change and/or the impacts of response measures on Parties referred to in those paragraphs. に沿って、関連性の高い意思決定を実現する政党会議で、これらの段落は、会議で、当事者として、当事者の会議には、このプロトコルで、最初のセッションでは、どのようなアクションを検討するために必要な悪影響を最小限に抑える気候の変化および/または応答への影響を言及し、これらの措置を当事者段落します。 Among the issues to be considered shall be the establishment of funding, insurance and transfer of technology. 問題と見なされるの間には、資金調達の設立、保険、技術移転します。




Article 4 第4






1. 1 。 Any Parties included in Annex I that have reached an agreement to fulfil their commitments under Article 3 jointly, shall be deemed to have met those commitments provided that their total combined aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A do not exceed their assigned amounts calculated pursuant to their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments inscribed in Annex B and in accordance with the provisions of Article 3. 私は、附属書に含まれるすべての当事者が合意に達したことを約束して第3条に基づくコミットメントを共同で行われるものを持つと思われるこれらのコミットメントを提供して会った合計集計人為的二酸化炭素の排出量に相当する温室効果ガスの附属書に記載されていない超える自分に割り当てられた金額に基づき計算して数量的な排出抑制や削減約束内接bとは、附属書の規定に基づき、第3します。 The respective emission level allocated to each of the Parties to the agreement shall be set out in that agreement. それぞれの排出レベルに割り当てられている各当事者に設定された契約は合意しています。



2. 2 。 The Parties to any such agreement shall notify the secretariat of the terms of the どのような契約を当事者に通知し、事務局の条件であること

agreement on the date of deposit of their instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval of this Protocol, or accession thereto. デポジットの日付で合意した彼らの批准、受諾または承認このプロトコルの、あるいはそこ加盟します。 The secretariat shall in turn inform the Parties and signatories to the Convention of the terms of the agreement. 事務局では、電源を知らせるために、この条約の署名政党と利用規約の内容に同意します。



3. 3 。 Any such agreement shall remain in operation for the duration of the commitment period specified in Article 3, paragraph 7. 契約のままである場合、このような操作を持続させるために、第3約束期間に指定され、 7段落します。



4. 4 。 If Parties acting jointly do so in the framework of, and together with, a regional もしそう当事者の演技共同枠組みの中で、そしてとともに、地域

economic integration organization, any alteration in the composition of the organization after adoption of this Protocol shall not affect existing commitments under this Protocol. 経済統合組織は、任意の組成、組織の変化は、後にこのプロトコルの採用に影響を与えるものではないこの議定書に基づく既存の約束します。 Any alteration in the composition of the organization shall only apply for the purposes of those commitments under Article 3 that are adopted subsequent to that alteration. 任意の組成の変化は、組織の目的のためにのみ適用さこれらのことが第3条に基づくコミットメントを採択してその後に変化します。



5. 5 。 In the event of failure by the Parties to such an agreement to achieve their total このイベントに失敗した当事者にこのような合意を達成するために彼らの合計

combined level of emission reductions, each Party to that agreement shall be responsible for its own level of emissions set out in the agreement. 複合レベルの排出削減は、各当事者の責任を負う契約をして、独自のレベルの排出量を規定されている契約に同意する。



6. 6 。 If Parties acting jointly do so in the framework of, and together with, a regional もしそう当事者の演技共同枠組みの中で、そしてとともに、地域

economic integration organization which is itself a Party to this Protocol, each member State of that regional economic integration organization individually, and together with the regional economic integration organization acting in accordance with Article 24, shall, in the event of failure to achieve the total combined level of emission reductions, be responsible for its level of emissions as notified in accordance with this Article. 組織的な経済統合がこのプロトコル自体のパーティーには、各加盟国の地域経済統合して、個別の組織、および組織とともに、地域経済統合の演技第24条に基づき、児童が、このイベントの失敗を達成するために、合計レベルの排出削減は、その責任を負うレベルの排出量としてこの記事の通知に基づきます。





Article 5 第5





1. 1 。 Each Party included in Annex I shall have in place, no later than one year prior to the start of the first commitment period, a national system for the estimation of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol. 各当事者は、附属書に含まれてい代わりに私は、より後の1年間の開始前に、最初のコミットメント期間中は、全国的なシステムのための人為的排出量の推定されるソースと削除されません。流し台のすべての温室効果ガスによって制御され、モントリオールプロトコルです。 Guidelines for such national systems, which shall incorporate the methodologies specified in paragraph 2 below, shall be decided upon by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol at its first session. 国民のためのガイドラインこのようなシステムでは、指定された方法論を組み込むには、 2項は以下のとおりで行われるものにすることを決定した会議で、政党としての会議に参加してこのプロトコルは、その最初のセッションです。



2. 2 。 Methodologies for estimating anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol shall be those accepted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties at its third session. 人為的排出量を推定するための手法ソースと削除されません。流し台のすべての温室効果ガスによって制御され、モントリオール議定書では、これらの承認された気候変動に関する政府間パネルに合意したとされる会議で、そのサードパーティのセッションです。 Where such methodologies are not used, appropriate adjustments shall be applied according to methodologies agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol at its first session. どこにそのような方法はありません使用する場合は、適切な方法論によると、調整は適用される会議で、合意した当事者として、会議に参加して、このプロトコルで、最初のセッションです。 Based on the work of, inter alia , the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and advice provided by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall regularly review and, as appropriate, revise such methodologies and adjustments, taking fully into account any relevant decisions by the Conference of the Parties. 仕事に基づいて、 なかんずく 、気候変動に関する政府間パネルやアドバイスを提供される子会社の体を科学技術のアドバイスは、会議で、当事者として、当事者の会議には、このプロトコルを定期的に確認し、必要に応じては、このような手法との調整を修正し、関連するすべてのアカウントを完全に決定される会議で、当事者ます。 Any revision to methodologies or adjustments shall be used only for the purposes of ascertaining compliance with commitments under Article 3 in respect of any commitment period adopted subsequent to that revision. または任意の改正案を調整する方法は、目的のためにのみ使用されascertaining準拠第3条に基づくコミットメントを尊重することを約束期間以降の改正案を採択します。



3. 3 。 The global warming potentials used to calculate the carbon dioxide equivalence of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases listed in Annex A shall be those accepted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties at its third session. 使用され、地球温暖化の潜在力をして算出して二酸化炭素の排出量を人為的同値のソースと削除される温室効果ガスの吸収量は、それらの附属書に記載され承認された気候変動に関する政府間パネルに合意したとされる会議で、そのサードパーティセッションします。 Based on the work of, inter alia , the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and advice provided by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall regularly review and, as appropriate, revise the global warming potential of each such greenhouse gas, taking fully into account any relevant decisions by the Conference of the Parties. 仕事に基づいて、 なかんずく 、気候変動に関する政府間パネルやアドバイスを提供される子会社の体を科学技術のアドバイスは、会議で、当事者として、当事者の会議には、このプロトコルを定期的に確認し、必要に応じては、改正地球温暖化のそれぞれの潜在的な温室効果ガスのような、任意のアカウントを完全に関連性の高い会議で決定された当事者です。 Any revision to a global warming potential shall apply only to commitments under Article 3 in respect of any commitment period adopted subsequent to that revision. 任意の改正案を適用するためだけに、地球温暖化は、潜在的なコミットメントの下で、第3条を尊重することを約束期間以降の改正案を採択します。




Article 6 第6条






1. 1 。 For the purpose of meeting its commitments under Article 3, any Party included in 会議の目的のため、第3のコミットメントの下で、第三者に含まれて

Annex I may transfer to, or acquire from, any other such Party emission reduction units resulting from projects aimed at reducing anthropogenic emissions by sources or enhancing anthropogenic removals by sinks of greenhouse gases in any sector of the economy, provided that: 私が別館を転送し、または取得するより、他の党のようなユニットの排出削減プロジェクトから生じる人為的排出量の削減を目的としたソースを向上させる人為的または削除される温室効果ガスの吸収量は、いかなる部門の経済は、提供して：



(a) Any such project has the approval of the Parties involved; （ a ）には、どのようなプロジェクトにかかわった当事者の承認を得て;



(b) Any such project provides a reduction in emissions by sources, or an enhancement of removals by sinks, that is additional to any that would otherwise occur; （ b ）にどのようなプロジェクトを提供する情報源の排出量を削減、または削除される流し台の強化、それはそれはそれ以外の追加して起こる;



(c) It does not acquire any emission reduction units if it is not in compliance with its obligations under Articles 5 and 7; and （ c ）任意の排出削減量を獲得することはありませんユニットていない場合は記事の義務を順守して5と7 ;と



(d) The acquisition of emission reduction units shall be supplemental to domestic actions for the purposes of meeting commitments under Article 3. （ 4 ）排出削減単位の取得は、国内のアクションを補足のためのコミットメントの下で第3会議室です。



2. 2 。 The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol may, at its first session or as soon as practicable thereafter, further elaborate guidelines for the implementation of this Article, including for verification and reporting. 同会議は、政党としての会議に参加して、このプロトコルは、その最初のセッションまたは可及的速やかにその後、さらに精巧な実施のためのガイドラインこの記事では、レポートなどを検証するためとします。



3. 3 。 A Party included in Annex I may authorize legal entities to participate, under its responsibility, in actions leading to the generation, transfer or acquisition under this Article of emission reduction units. パーティーに含まれてよいかもしれ附属書への参加を認める法律上のエンティティは、その責任の下には、メインのアクションを生成して、この記事の下に譲渡または取得単位の排出量削減します。



4. 4 。 If a question of implementation by a Party included in Annex I of the requirements referred to in this Article is identified in accordance with the relevant provisions of 質問に実施された場合は、党の附属書に含まれて私の要件を参照するには、この記事の識別に基づき、関連する規定

Article 8, transfers and acquisitions of emission reduction units may continue to be made after the question has been identified, provided that any such units may not be used by a Party to meet its commitments under Article 3 until any issue of compliance is resolved. 第8条は、転送や買収の排出削減ユニットを続行される可能性の問題が発見されました後、どのようなユニットを提供して使用されないかもしれませんが、党の公約を満たすまでの任意の第3条の下では、コンプライアンスの問題解決しました。





Article 7 第7





1. 1 。 Each Party included in Annex I shall incorporate in its annual inventory of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, submitted in accordance with the relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties, the necessary supplementary information for the purposes of ensuring compliance with Article 3, to be determined in accordance with paragraph 4 below. 各当事者は、附属書に含まれて私は、毎年恒例の在庫を人為的に組み込むソースの排出される温室効果ガスの吸収源と削除されません。モントリオール議定書によって制御され、提出に基づき、関連性の高い意思決定の会議で、当事者は、必要な情報を補足目的の遵守を確保するため、第3 、 4 段落うと決意に基づき以下のとおり。



2. 2 。 Each Party included in Annex I shall incorporate in its national communication, submitted under Article 12 of the Convention, the supplementary information necessary to demonstrate compliance with its commitments under this Protocol, to be determined in accordance with paragraph 4 below. 各当事者は、附属書に含まれて私は、国家に組み込む通信、提出し、この条約の12条の下では、補正に必要な情報を示すこの議定書に基づく約束を遵守し、言いたいことを決定に基づき4段落は以下のとおり。



3. 3 。 Each Party included in Annex I shall submit the information required under 各当事者は、附属書に含まれて私は必要な情報を提出して下

paragraph 1 above annually, beginning with the first inventory due under the Convention for the first year of the commitment period after this Protocol has entered into force for that Party. Each such Party shall submit the information required under paragraph 2 above as part of the first national communication due under the Convention after this Protocol has entered into force for it and after the adoption of guidelines as provided for in paragraph 4 below. 上記の段落の1年間は、在庫のため、最初から始まる条約の下で、最初の1年間のコミットメント期間の後には、このプロトコルを入力すると、その力のパーティーを開いた。各当事者はこのように必要な情報を提出して上記の2段落の下での最初の一環として、国家条約の下でのコミュニケーションのために入力された後は、このプロトコルを強制してから、後の採択のためのガイドラインを提供するために、 4段落は以下のとおり。 The frequency of subsequent submission of information required under this Article shall be determined by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, taking into account any timetable for the submission of national communications decided upon by the Conference of the Parties. その後の頻度を提出するために必要な情報は、この記事の下での会議で決定されるのは、政党としての会議に参加してこのプロトコルは、すべての日程を考慮し、提出することを決めた国内通信される会議で、政党します。



4. 4 。 The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall adopt at its first session, and review periodically thereafter, guidelines for the preparation of the information required under this Article, taking into account guidelines for the preparation of national communications by Parties included in Annex I adopted by the Conference of the Parties. 同会議は、政党としての会議に参加して、このプロトコルを採用するには、最初のセッションでは、定期的に見直し、その後、準備のためのガイドラインに必要な情報の下でこの記事では、アカウントを考慮に入れ準備のためのガイドラインを国内通信当事者附属書に含まれてよいの当事者会議で採択されました。 The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall also, prior to the first commitment period, decide upon modalities for the accounting of assigned amounts. 同会議は、政党としての会議に参加して、このプロトコルはまた、第1約束期間に先立って、様式を決めるために割り当てられた会計の金額です。





Article 8 第8条





1. 1 。 The information submitted under Article 7 by each Party included in Annex I shall be reviewed by expert review teams pursuant to the relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties and in accordance with guidelines adopted for this purpose by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol under paragraph 4 below. 送信された情報は、各7条の下で党の私は附属書に含まれているかどうか審査される専門家チームの審査に基づき、関連性の高い意思決定の会議で、政党とのガイドラインに基づき、会議で採択され、この目的のための手段として、当事者の会議当事者は、このプロトコルを4段落の下には以下のとおり。 The information submitted under Article 7, paragraph 1, by each Party included in Annex I shall be reviewed as part of the annual compilation and accounting of emissions inventories and assigned amounts. 第7条の下で送信された情報は、第1項、各当事者は私は附属書に含まれているかどうか審査の一環として毎年恒例のコンパイルと会計の排出量や在庫量を割り当てられます。 Additionally, the information submitted under Article 7, paragraph 2, by each Party included in Annex I shall be reviewed as part of the review of communications. また、送信された情報の下に第7条の2 、各当事者は私は附属書に含まれているかどうか審査の一環としての見直しを通信します。



2. 2 。 Expert review teams shall be coordinated by the secretariat and shall be composed of experts selected from those nominated by Parties to the Convention and, as appropriate, by intergovernmental organizations, in accordance with guidance provided for this purpose by the Conference of the Parties. 専門家チームの審査には、協調で構成される事務局では、これらの専門家の中から選ばれ、この条約との政党から推薦され、必要に応じて、政府間組織され、指導に基づき、この目的のために提供される会議で、当事者ます。



3. 3 。 The review process shall provide a thorough and comprehensive technical assessment 審査のプロセスは、徹底的かつ包括的技術的な評価を提供する

of all aspects of the implementation by a Party of this Protocol. すべての面でのパーティーにこのプロトコルの実装されます。 The expert review teams shall prepare a report to the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol , assessing the implementation of the commitments of the Party and identifying any potential problems in, and factors influencing, the fulfilment of commitments. 専門家チームは、再検討会議の報告書を準備するには、政党としての会議に参加して、このプロトコルは、評価の実施には、党との約束を識別する任意の潜在的な問題が、要因に影響を及ぼすとは、公約実現します。 Such reports shall be circulated by the secretariat to all Parties to the Convention. 当該報告には、このように回覧され、すべての当事者がこの条約の事務局をします。 The secretariat shall list those questions of implementation indicated in such reports for further consideration by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. 事務局は、これらのリストに示されたような質問を実施したレポートをさらに検討するために会議で、当事者として、この会議では、当事者のプロトコルです。



4. 4 。 The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall adopt at its first session, and review periodically thereafter, guidelines for the review of implementation of this Protocol by expert review teams taking into account the relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties. 同会議は、政党としての会議に参加して、このプロトコルを採用するには、最初のセッションでは、定期的に見直し、その後、実施のためのガイドラインの見直しをされるこのプロトコルの専門家チームの審査を考慮して決定して関連性の高い会議当事者ます。



5. 5 。 The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, with the assistance of the Subsidiary Body for Implementation and, as appropriate, the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, consider: 同会議は、政党としての会議に参加して、このプロトコルは、その子会社の助けを借りて体を実装し、必要に応じて、体のために、子会社の科学技術のアドバイス、検討：



(a) The information submitted by Parties under Article 7 and the reports of the expert reviews thereon conducted under this Article; and （ a ）に提出された情報の下に第7政党との報告を実施し、専門家のレビューその上にこの記事の下に;と



(b) Those questions of implementation listed by the secretariat under （ b ）にこれらの質問を実施して、事務局の下に表示され

paragraph 3 above, as well as any questions raised by Parties. 上記の3段落だけでなく、当事者が提起した問題です。



6. 6 。 Pursuant to its consideration of the information referred to in paragraph 5 above, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall take decisions on any matter required for the implementation of this Protocol. その情報に基づく考慮して上記の5段落で言及し、この会議で、当事者として、当事者の会議には、このプロトコルを取るために必要のない事項について決定され、このプロトコルを実装しています。





Article 9 第9条





1. 1 。 The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall periodically review this Protocol in the light of the best available scientific information and assessments on climate change and its impacts, as well as relevant technical, social and economic information. 同会議は、当事者として、当事者の会議を定期的に確認するこのプロトコルは、このプロトコルの光の中には、利用可能な最善の科学的な情報や気候の変化とその影響を評価し、関連性の高い技術と同様、社会的、経済的な情報です。 Such reviews shall be coordinated with pertinent reviews under the Convention, in particular those required by Article 4, paragraph 2(d), and Article 7, このようなレビューはこの条約の下での協調を適切なレビュー、特にこれらの要求される第4条の2 （民主党） 、および第7条、

paragraph 2(a), of the Convention. 段落2 （ a ）には、この条約のです。 Based on these reviews, the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall take appropriate action. これらのレビューに基づいて、この会議で、会議の当事者としての当事者は、このプロトコルを適切な措置を取られます。



2. 2 。 The first review shall take place at the second session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. 最初の見直しは行われるべきで、第2セッションの会議で、当事者として、この会議では、当事者のプロトコルです。 Further reviews shall take place at regular intervals and in a timely manner. さらにレビューは行われるべきで、定期的な間隔でタイムリーにします。





Article 10 第10条





All Parties, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and すべての政党を考慮しかし、彼らの共通の責任と分化

their specific national and regional development priorities, objectives and circumstances, without introducing any new commitments for Parties not included in Annex I, but reaffirming existing commitments under Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention, and continuing to advance the implementation of these commitments in order to achieve sustainable development, taking into account Article 4, paragraphs 3, 5 and 7, of the Convention, shall: 彼らの特定の国と地域の開発の優先順位は、目標や状況の中で、コミットメントをせずに導入された新しい政党は、附属書私は含まれませんが、既存のコミットメントを再確認第4条の下では、第1項は、同条約は、事前の実施を続けていると、これらのコミットメント持続可能な開発を達成するためには、第4条を考慮し、段落3 、 5 、 7 、同条約は、は：





(a) Formulate, where relevant and to the extent possible, cost-effective national （ a ）に策定する、との関連性を可能な範囲で、費用対効果の高い国立

and, where appropriate, regional programmes to improve the quality of local emission factors, activity data and/or models which reflect the socio-economic conditions of each Party for the preparation and periodic updating of national inventories of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, using comparable methodologies to be agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties, and consistent with the guidelines for the preparation of national communications adopted by the Conference of the Parties; そして、適切な場所に、地域のプログラムの品質を向上させるため、地元の排出要因は、活動のデータおよび/またはモデルの社会的経済的条件を反映して各当事者は定期的に更新するための準備や国家の排出量を人為的に在庫のソースと削除され流し台すべての温室効果ガスによって制御されないモントリオール議定書を使用して、類似した方法に合意した会議で、政党、および整合性の準備のためのガイドライン通信国家会議で採択された当事者;



(b) Formulate, implement, publish and regularly update national and, where appropriate, regional programmes containing measures to mitigate climate change and measures to facilitate adequate adaptation to climate change: （ b ）に策定、実施する 、 公開して定期的に更新国家と、適切な場所に、地域のプログラムを含む措置を緩和する措置を容易にするための十分な気候の変化や気候変動への適応：



(i) Such programmes would, inter alia , concern the energy, transport and industry sectors as well as agriculture, forestry and waste management. （ 1 ）このようなプログラムは、 なかんずく 、懸念してエネルギー、交通機関や産業界と同様農林廃棄物管理します。 Furthermore, adaptation technologies and methods for improving spatial planning would improve adaptation to climate change; and また、適応技術や手法を改善するための空間を向上させる計画が気候変動への適応;と



(ii) Parties included in Annex I shall submit information on action under this Protocol, including national programmes, in accordance with Article 7; and other Parties shall seek to include in their national communications, as appropriate, information on programmes which contain measures that the Party believes contribute to addressing climate change and its adverse impacts, including the abatement of increases in greenhouse gas emissions, and enhancement of and removals by sinks, capacity building and adaptation measures; （ 2 ）政党附属書に含まれて私はこの議定書に基づく行動に関する情報を提出するなど、全国のプログラムは、第7条に基づき;およびその他の当事者は、自国の国内通信を含めるを求める、必要に応じて、プログラムに関する情報を含む措置をしてパーティーに貢献すると信じてアドレッシング気候変動とその悪影響への影響など、温室効果ガスの排出の増加に減額し、削除されるの強化や流し台、キャパシティビルディングや適応措置;



(c) Cooperate in the promotion of effective modalities for the development, application and diffusion of, and take all practicable steps to promote, facilitate and finance, as appropriate, the transfer of, or access to, environmentally sound technologies, know-how, practices and processes pertinent to climate change, in particular to developing countries, including the formulation of policies and programmes for the effective transfer of （ c ）の宣伝に協力し、効果的な方法の開発、アプリケーションとの拡散、およびすべての実行可能な措置を促進する、とファイナンスを容易に、必要に応じて、転送、またはアクセスできるように、環境配慮型の技術、ノウハウ、プラクティスとプロセスに関連した気候の変化、特に開発途上国などの政策およびプログラムの策定のための効果的な移転

environmentally sound technologies that are publicly owned or in the public domain and the creation of an enabling environment for the private sector, to promote and enhance the transfer of, and access to, environmentally sound technologies; 環境配慮型の技術では公営またはパブリックドメインの創出と民間部門のための環境を有効にする、と機能性を高めるの移転を促進し、アクセスできるように、環境配慮型の技術;



(d) Cooperate in scientific and technical research and promote the maintenance and the development of systematic observation systems and development of data archives to reduce uncertainties related to the climate system, the adverse impacts of climate change and the economic and social consequences of various response strategies, and promote the development and strengthening of endogenous capacities and capabilities to participate in international and intergovernmental efforts, programmes and networks on research and systematic observation, taking into account Article 5 of the Convention; （民主党）と協力して科学技術研究の発展を促進する系統の保守と観測データのアーカイブシステムの開発および不確実性を減らすことに関連して気候システムでは、気候変動の悪影響への影響と、経済的および社会的戦略の結果、さまざまな反応、および開発を促進すると内因性の能力や機能の強化に参加し、政府間の国際的な取り組みは、プログラムやネットワークの体系的研究と観測され、第5条を考慮し、この条約の;









(e) Cooperate in and promote at the international level, and, where appropriate, （ e ）の協力を促進し、国際レベルで、そして、適切な場所に、

using existing bodies, the development and implementation of education and training programmes, including the strengthening of national capacity building, in particular human and institutional capacities and the exchange or secondment of personnel to train experts in this field, in particular for developing countries, and facilitate at the national level public awareness of, and public access to information on, climate change. 既存の遺体を使って、開発や教育訓練プログラムの実施など、国家のキャパシティビルディングの強化、特定の機関投資家の能力や人間との交流を人事配置や列車は、この分野の専門家、特に発展途上国のために、そして容易に国家レベルでは、国民の意識、公共情報へのアクセスをされ、気候変動します。 Suitable modalities should be developed to implement these activities through the relevant bodies of the Convention, taking into account Article 6 of the Convention; 開発に適した方法を実装する必要があり、これらの活動を通じて、この条約の関連機関、を考慮し、この条約の第6 ;



(f) Include in their national communications information on programmes and activities undertaken pursuant to this Article in accordance with relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties; and



(g) Give full consideration, in implementing the commitments under this Article, to Article 4, paragraph 8, of the Convention.





Article 11





1. In the implementation of Article 10, Parties shall take into account the provisions of Article 4, paragraphs 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9, of the Convention.



2. In the context of the implementation of Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention, in accordance with the provisions of Article 4, paragraph 3, and Article 11 of the Convention, and through the entity or entities entrusted with the operation of the financial mechanism of the Convention, the developed country Parties and other developed Parties included in Annex II to the Convention shall: In the context of the implementation of Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention, in accordance with the provisions of Article 4, paragraph 3, and Article 11 of the Convention, and through the entity or entities entrusted with the operation of the financial mechanism of the Convention, the developed country Parties and other developed Parties included in Annex II to the Convention shall:



(a) Provide new and additional financial resources to meet the agreed full costs incurred by developing country Parties in advancing the implementation of existing commitments under Article 4, paragraph 1(a), of the Convention that are covered in

Article 10, subparagraph (a); and



(b) Also provide such financial resources, including for the transfer of technology, needed by the developing country Parties to meet the agreed full incremental costs of advancing the implementation of existing commitments under Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention that are covered by Article 10 and that are agreed between a developing country Party and the international entity or entities referred to in Article 11 of the Convention, in accordance with that Article. (b) Also provide such financial resources, including for the transfer of technology, needed by the developing country Parties to meet the agreed full incremental costs of advancing the implementation of existing commitments under Article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention that are covered by Article 10 and that are agreed between a developing country Party and the international entity or entities referred to in Article 11 of the Convention, in accordance with that Article.



The implementation of these existing commitments shall take into account the need for adequacy and predictability in the flow of funds and the importance of appropriate burden sharing among developed country Parties. The guidance to the entity or entities entrusted with the operation of the financial mechanism of the Convention in relevant decisions of the Conference of the Parties, including those agreed before the adoption of this Protocol, shall apply mutatis mutandis to the provisions of this paragraph.





3. The developed country Parties and other developed Parties in Annex II to the

Convention may also provide, and developing country Parties avail themselves of, financial resources for the implementation of Article 10, through bilateral, regional and other multilateral channels.





Article 12





1. A clean development mechanism is hereby defined.



2. The purpose of the clean development mechanism shall be to assist Parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable development and in contributing to the ultimate objective of the Convention, and to assist Parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3. The purpose of the clean development mechanism shall be to assist Parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable development and in contributing to the ultimate objective of the Convention, and to assist Parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3.



3. Under the clean development mechanism:



(a) Parties not included in Annex I will benefit from project activities resulting in certified emission reductions; and



(b) Parties included in Annex I may use the certified emission reductions accruing from such project activities to contribute to compliance with part of their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3, as determined by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. (b) Parties included in Annex I may use the certified emission reductions accruing from such project activities to contribute to compliance with part of their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3, as determined by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol.



4. The clean development mechanism shall be subject to the authority and guidance of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol and be supervised by an executive board of the clean development mechanism.



5. Emission reductions resulting from each project activity shall be certified by operational entities to be designated by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, on the basis of:



(a) Voluntary participation approved by each Party involved;



(b) Real, measurable, and long-term benefits related to the mitigation of climate change; and



(c) Reductions in emissions that are additional to any that would occur in the absence of the certified project activity.



6. The clean development mechanism shall assist in arranging funding of certified project activities as necessary.











7. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session, elaborate modalities and procedures with the objective of ensuring transparency, efficiency and accountability through independent auditing and verification of project activities.



8. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall ensure that a share of the proceeds from certified project activities is used to cover administrative expenses as well as to assist developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change to meet the costs of adaptation. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall ensure that a share of the proceeds from certified project activities is used to cover administrative expenses as well as to assist developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change to meet the costs of adaptation.



9. Participation under the clean development mechanism, including in activities mentioned in paragraph 3(a) above and in the acquisition of certified emission reductions, may involve private and/or public entities, and is to be subject to whatever guidance may be provided by the executive board of the clean development mechanism. Participation under the clean development mechanism, including in activities mentioned in paragraph 3(a) above and in the acquisition of certified emission reductions, may involve private and/or public entities, and is to be subject to whatever guidance may be provided by the executive board of the clean development mechanism.



10. Certified emission reductions obtained during the period from the year 2000 up to the beginning of the first commitment period can be used to assist in achieving compliance in the first commitment period.





Article 13





1. The Conference of the Parties, the supreme body of the Convention, shall serve as the

meeting of the Parties to this Protocol.



2. Parties to the Convention that are not Parties to this Protocol may participate as

observers in the proceedings of any session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. When the Conference of the Parties serves as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, decisions under this Protocol shall be taken only by those that are Parties to this Protocol.



3. When the Conference of the Parties serves as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, any member of the Bureau of the Conference of the Parties representing a Party to the Convention but, at that time, not a Party to this Protocol, shall be replaced by an additional member to be elected by and from amongst the Parties to this Protocol. When the Conference of the Parties serves as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, any member of the Bureau of the Conference of the Parties representing a Party to the Convention but, at that time, not a Party to this Protocol, shall be replaced by an additional member to be elected by and from amongst the Parties to this Protocol.



4. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall keep under regular review the implementation of this Protocol and shall make, within its mandate, the decisions necessary to promote its effective implementation. It shall perform the functions assigned to it by this Protocol and shall:



(a) Assess, on the basis of all information made available to it in accordance with

the provisions of this Protocol, the implementation of this Protocol by the Parties, the overall effects of the measures taken pursuant to this Protocol, in particular environmental, economic and social effects as well as their cumulative impacts and the extent to which progress towards the objective of the Convention is being achieved; the provisions of this Protocol, the implementation of this Protocol by the Parties, the overall effects of the measures taken pursuant to this Protocol, in particular environmental, economic and social effects as well as their cumulative impacts and the extent to which progress towards the objective of the Convention is being achieved;





(b) Periodically examine the obligations of the Parties under this Protocol, giving due consideration to any reviews required by Article 4, paragraph 2(d), and Article 7, paragraph 2, of the Convention, in the light of the objective of the Convention, the experience gained in its implementation and the evolution of scientific and technological knowledge, and in this respect consider and adopt regular reports on the implementation of this Protocol; (b) Periodically examine the obligations of the Parties under this Protocol, giving due consideration to any reviews required by Article 4, paragraph 2(d), and Article 7, paragraph 2, of the Convention, in the light of the objective of the Convention, the experience gained in its implementation and the evolution of scientific and technological knowledge, and in this respect consider and adopt regular reports on the implementation of this Protocol;



(c) Promote and facilitate the exchange of information on measures adopted by the Parties to address climate change and its effects, taking into account the differing circumstances, responsibilities and capabilities of the Parties and their respective commitments under this Protocol;



(d) Facilitate, at the request of two or more Parties, the coordination of measures adopted by them to address climate change and its effects, taking into account the differing circumstances, responsibilities and capabilities of the Parties and their respective commitments under this Protocol;



(e) Promote and guide, in accordance with the objective of the Convention and the provisions of this Protocol, and taking fully into account the relevant decisions by the Conference of the Parties, the development and periodic refinement of comparable methodologies for the effective implementation of this Protocol, to be agreed on by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol; (e) Promote and guide, in accordance with the objective of the Convention and the provisions of this Protocol, and taking fully into account the relevant decisions by the Conference of the Parties, the development and periodic refinement of comparable methodologies for the effective implementation of this Protocol, to be agreed on by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol;



(f) Make recommendations on any matters necessary for the implementation of this Protocol;



(g) Seek to mobilize additional financial resources in accordance with

Article 11, paragraph 2;



(h) Establish such subsidiary bodies as are deemed necessary for the implementation of this Protocol;



(i) Seek and utilize, where appropriate, the services and cooperation of, and information provided by, competent international organizations and intergovernmental and non-governmental bodies; and



(j) Exercise such other functions as may be required for the implementation of this Protocol, and consider any assignment resulting from a decision by the Conference of the Parties.



5. The rules of procedure of the Conference of the Parties and financial procedures applied under the Convention shall be applied mutatis mutandis under this Protocol, except as may be otherwise decided by consensus by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. The rules of procedure of the Conference of the Parties and financial procedures applied under the Convention shall be applied mutatis mutandis under this Protocol, except as may be otherwise decided by consensus by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol .



6. The first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall be convened by the secretariat in conjunction with the first session of the Conference of the Parties that is scheduled after the date of the entry into force of this Protocol. The first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall be convened by the secretariat in conjunction with the first session of the Conference of the Parties that is scheduled after the date of the entry into force of this Protocol. Subsequent ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall be held every year and in conjunction with ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties, unless otherwise decided by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. Subsequent ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall be held every year and in conjunction with ordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties, unless otherwise decided by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol.



7. Extraordinary sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the

Parties to this Protocol shall be held at such other times as may be deemed necessary by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, or at the written request of any Party, provided that, within six months of the request being communicated to the Parties by the secretariat, it is supported by at least one third of the Parties. Parties to this Protocol shall be held at such other times as may be deemed necessary by the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol, or at the written request of any Party, provided that, within six months of the request being communicated to the Parties by the secretariat, it is supported by at least one third of the Parties.



8. The United Nations, its specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy

Agency, as well as any State member thereof or observers thereto not party to the Convention, may be represented at sessions of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol as observers. Any body or agency, whether national or international, governmental or non-governmental, which is qualified in matters covered by this Protocol and which has informed the secretariat of its wish to be represented at a session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol as an observer, may be so admitted unless at least one third of the Parties present object. Any body or agency, whether national or international, governmental or non-governmental, which is qualified in matters covered by this Protocol and which has informed the secretariat of its wish to be represented at a session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol as an observer, may be so admitted unless at least one third of the Parties present object. The admission and participation of observers shall be subject to the rules of procedure, as referred to in

paragraph 5 above.




Article 14






1. The secretariat established by Article 8 of the Convention shall serve as the secretariat of this Protocol.



2. Article 8, paragraph 2, of the Convention on the functions of the secretariat, and

Article 8, paragraph 3, of the Convention on arrangements made for the functioning of the secretariat, shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Protocol. The secretariat shall, in addition, exercise the functions assigned to it under this Protocol.





Article 15





1. The Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation established by Articles 9 and 10 of the Convention shall serve as, respectively, the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of this Protocol. The provisions relating to the functioning of these two bodies under the Convention shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Protocol. Sessions of the meetings of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of this Protocol shall be held in conjunction with the meetings of, respectively, the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of the Convention. Sessions of the meetings of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of this Protocol shall be held in conjunction with the meetings of, respectively, the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice and the Subsidiary Body for Implementation of the Convention.



2. Parties to the Convention that are not Parties to this Protocol may participate as observers in the proceedings of any session of the subsidiary bodies. When the subsidiary bodies serve as the subsidiary bodies of this Protocol, decisions under this Protocol shall be taken only by those that are Parties to this Protocol.



3. When the subsidiary bodies established by Articles 9 and 10 of the Convention exercise their functions with regard to matters concerning this Protocol, any member of the Bureaux of those subsidiary bodies representing a Party to the Convention but, at that time, not a party to this Protocol, shall be replaced by an additional member to be elected by and from amongst the Parties to this Protocol. When the subsidiary bodies established by Articles 9 and 10 of the Convention exercise their functions with regard to matters concerning this Protocol, any member of the Bureaux of those subsidiary bodies representing a Party to the Convention but, at that time, not a party to this Protocol, shall be replaced by an additional member to be elected by and from amongst the Parties to this Protocol.




Article 16






The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, as soon as practicable, consider the application to this Protocol of, and modify as appropriate, the multilateral consultative process referred to in Article 13 of the Convention, in the light of any relevant decisions that may be taken by the Conference of the Parties. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, as soon as practicable, consider the application to this Protocol of, and modify as appropriate, the multilateral consultative process referred to in Article 13 of the Convention, in the light of any relevant decisions that may be taken by the Conference of the Parties. Any multilateral consultative process that may be applied to this Protocol shall operate without prejudice to the procedures and mechanisms established in accordance with Article 18.





Article 17





The Conference of the Parties shall define the relevant principles, modalities, rules and guidelines, in particular for verification, reporting and accountability for emissions trading. The Parties included in Annex B may participate in emissions trading for the purposes of fulfilling their commitments under Article 3. The Conference of the Parties shall define the relevant principles, modalities, rules and guidelines, in particular for verification, reporting and accountability for emissions trading. The Parties included in Annex B may participate in emissions trading for the purposes of fulfilling their commitments under Article 3 . Any such trading shall be supplemental to domestic actions for the purpose of meeting quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under that Article.




Article 18





The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session, approve appropriate and effective procedures and mechanisms to determine and to address cases of non-compliance with the provisions of this Protocol, including through the development of an indicative list of consequences, taking into account the cause, type, degree and frequency of non-compliance. The Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session, approve appropriate and effective procedures and mechanisms to determine and to address cases of non-compliance with the provisions of this Protocol, including through the development of an indicative list of consequences, taking into account the cause, type, degree and frequency of non-compliance. Any procedures and mechanisms under this Article entailing binding consequences shall be adopted by means of an amendment to this Protocol.



Article 19






The provisions of Article 14 of the Convention on settlement of disputes shall apply mutatis mutandis to this Protocol.









Article 20



1. Any Party may propose amendments to this Protocol.



2. Amendments to this Protocol shall be adopted at an ordinary session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. The text of any proposed amendment to this Protocol shall be communicated to the Parties by the secretariat at least six months before the meeting at which it is proposed for adoption. The secretariat shall also communicate the text of any proposed amendments to the Parties and signatories to the Convention and, for information, to the Depositary.



3. The Parties shall make every effort to reach agreement on any proposed amendment to this Protocol by consensus. If all efforts at consensus have been exhausted, and no agreement reached, the amendment shall as a last resort be adopted by a three-fourths majority vote of the Parties present and voting at the meeting. The adopted amendment shall be communicated by the secretariat to the Depositary, who shall circulate it to all Parties for their acceptance.



4. Instruments of acceptance in respect of an amendment shall be deposited with the Depositary. An amendment adopted in accordance with paragraph 3 above shall enter into force for those Parties having accepted it on the ninetieth day after the date of receipt by the Depositary of an instrument of acceptance by at least three fourths of the Parties to this Protocol.



5. The amendment shall enter into force for any other Party on the ninetieth day after the date on which that Party deposits with the Depositary its instrument of acceptance of the said amendment.





Article 21



1. Annexes to this Protocol shall form an integral part thereof and, unless otherwise expressly provided, a reference to this Protocol constitutes at the same time a reference to any annexes thereto. Any annexes adopted after the entry into force of this Protocol shall be restricted to lists, forms and any other material of a descriptive nature that is of a scientific, technical, procedural or administrative character.



2. Any Party may make proposals for an annex to this Protocol and may propose amendments to annexes to this Protocol.



3. Annexes to this Protocol and amendments to annexes to this Protocol shall be adopted at an ordinary session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol. The text of any proposed annex or amendment to an annex shall be communicated to the Parties by the secretariat at least six months before the meeting at which it is proposed for adoption. The secretariat shall also communicate the text of any proposed annex or amendment to an annex to the Parties and signatories to the Convention and, for information, to the Depositary.



4. The Parties shall make every effort to reach agreement on any proposed annex or amendment to an annex by consensus. If all efforts at consensus have been exhausted, and no agreement reached, the annex or amendment to an annex shall as a last resort be adopted by a three-fourths majority vote of the Parties present and voting at the meeting. The adopted annex or amendment to an annex shall be communicated by the secretariat to the Depositary, who shall circulate it to all Parties for their acceptance.



5. An annex, or amendment to an annex other than Annex A or B, that has been adopted in accordance with paragraphs 3 and 4 above shall enter into force for all Parties to this Protocol six months after the date of the communication by the Depositary to such Parties of the adoption of the annex or adoption of the amendment to the annex, except for those Parties that have notified the Depositary, in writing, within that period of their non-acceptance of the annex or amendment to the annex. An annex, or amendment to an annex other than Annex A or B, that has been adopted in accordance with paragraphs 3 and 4 above shall enter into force for all Parties to this Protocol six months after the date of the communication by the Depositary to such Parties of the adoption of the annex or adoption of the amendment to the annex, except for those Parties that have notified the Depositary, in writing, within that period of their non-acceptance of the annex or amendment to the annex. The annex or amendment to an annex shall enter into force for Parties which withdraw their notification of non-acceptance on the ninetieth day after the date on which withdrawal of such notification has been received by the Depositary.



6. If the adoption of an annex or an amendment to an annex involves an amendment to this Protocol, that annex or amendment to an annex shall not enter into force until such time as the amendment to this Protocol enters into force.



7. Amendments to Annexes A and B to this Protocol shall be adopted and enter into force in accordance with the procedure set out in Article 20, provided that any amendment to Annex B shall be adopted only with the written consent of the Party concerned .





Article 22



1. Each Party shall have one vote, except as provided for in paragraph 2 below.



2. Regional economic integration organizations, in matters within their competence, shall exercise their right to vote with a number of votes equal to the number of their member States that are Parties to this Protocol. Such an organization shall not exercise its right to vote if any of its member States exercises its right, and vice versa.





Article 23





The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall be the Depositary of this Protocol.





Article 24



1. This Protocol shall be open for signature and subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by States and regional economic integration organizations which are Parties to the Convention. It shall be open for signature at United Nations Headquarters in New York from

16 March 1998 to 15 March 1999. This Protocol shall be open for accession from the day after the date on which it is closed for signature. Instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be deposited with the Depositary.



2. Any regional economic integration organization which becomes a Party to this Protocol without any of its member States being a Party shall be bound by all the obligations under this Protocol. In the case of such organizations, one or more of whose member States is a Party to this Protocol, the organization and its member States shall decide on their respective responsibilities for the performance of their obligations under this Protocol. In such cases, the organization and the member States shall not be entitled to exercise rights under this Protocol concurrently.



3. In their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, regional economic integration organizations shall declare the extent of their competence with respect to the matters governed by this Protocol. These organizations shall also inform the Depositary, who shall in turn inform the Parties, of any substantial modification in the extent of their competence.




Article 25






1. This Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date on which not less than 55 Parties to the Convention, incorporating Parties included in Annex I which accounted in total for at least 55 per cent of the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990 of the Parties included in Annex I, have deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. This Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date on which not less than 55 Parties to the Convention, incorporating Parties included in Annex I which accounted in total for at least 55 per cent of the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990 of the Parties included in Annex I, have deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.



2. For the purposes of this Article, "the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990 of the Parties included in Annex I" means the amount communicated on or before the date of adoption of this Protocol by the Parties included in Annex I in their first national communications submitted in accordance with Article 12 of the Convention. For the purposes of this Article, "the total carbon dioxide emissions for 1990 of the Parties included in Annex I" means the amount communicated on or before the date of adoption of this Protocol by the Parties included in Annex I in their first national communications submitted in accordance with Article 12 of the Convention.



3. For each State or regional economic integration organization that ratifies, accepts or

approves this Protocol or accedes thereto after the conditions set out in paragraph 1 above for entry into force have been fulfilled, this Protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day following the date of deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.



4. For the purposes of this Article, any instrument deposited by a regional economic

integration organization shall not be counted as additional to those deposited by States members of the organization.




Article 26






No reservations may be made to this Protocol.




Article 27






1. At any time after three years from the date on which this Protocol has entered into force for a Party, that Party may withdraw from this Protocol by giving written notification to the Depositary.



2. Any such withdrawal shall take effect upon expiry of one year from the date of receipt by the Depositary of the notification of withdrawal, or on such later date as may be specified in the notification of withdrawal.



3. Any Party that withdraws from the Convention shall be considered as also having withdrawn from this Protocol.









Article 28





The original of this Protocol, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the

United Nations.



DONE at Kyoto this eleventh day of December one thousand nine hundred and

ninety-seven.



IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorized to that effect, have affixed their signatures to this Protocol on the dates indicated.



Annex A





Greenhouse gases



Carbon dioxide (CO 2 )

Methane (CH 4 )

Nitrous oxide (N 2 O)

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)

Sulphur hexafluoride (SF 6 )



Sectors/source categories



Energy

Fuel combustion

Energy industries

Manufacturing industries and construction

Transport

Other sectors

Other

Fugitive emissions from fuels

Solid fuels

Oil and natural gas

Other



Industrial processes

Mineral products

Chemical industry

Metal production

Other production

Production of halocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride

Consumption of halocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride

Other



Solvent and other product use



Agriculture

Enteric fermentation

Manure management

Rice cultivation

Agricultural soils

Prescribed burning of savannas

Field burning of agricultural residues

Other







Waste

Solid waste disposal on land

Wastewater handling

Waste incineration

Other



Annex B





Party Quantified emission limitation or

reduction commitment

(percentage of base year or period)



Australia 108

Austria 92

Belgium 92

Bulgaria* 92

Canada 94

Croatia* 95

Czech Republic* 92

Denmark 92

Estonia* 92

European Community 92

Finland 92

France 92

Germany 92

Greece 92

Hungary* 94

Iceland 110

Ireland 92

Italy 92

Japan 94

Latvia* 92

Liechtenstein 92

Lithuania* 92

Luxembourg 92

Monaco 92

Netherlands 92

New Zealand 100

Norway 101

Poland* 94

Portugal 92

Romania* 92

Russian Federation* 100

Slovakia* 92

Slovenia* 92

Spain 92

Sweden 92

Switzerland 92

Ukraine* 100

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 92

United States of America 93

* Countries that are undergoing the process of transition to a market economy